Problem 1PS: Give the periodic group number and number of valence electrons for each of the following atoms. (a)... Problem 2PS: Give the periodic group number and number of valence electrons for each of the following atoms. (a)... Problem 3PS: For elements in Groups 4A-7A of the periodic table, give the number of bonds an element is expected... Problem 4PS Problem 5PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. (a) NF3 (b) C1O3 (c) HOBr (d)... Problem 6PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions: (a) CS (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where... Problem 7PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: (a) chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2 (b)... Problem 8PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: (a) methanol, CH3OH (b) vinyl chloride,... Problem 9PS: Show all possible resonance structures for each of the following molecules: (a) sulfur dioxide SO2... Problem 10PS: Show all possible resonance structures for each of the following molecules or ions: (a) nitrate ion,... Problem 11PS Problem 12PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions: (a) BrF5 (b) IF3 (c) IBr2 (d)... Problem 13PS: Determine the formal charge on each atom in the following molecules or ions: (a) N2H4 (b) PO43 (c)... Problem 14PS: Determine the formal charge on each atom in the following molecules or ions: (a) SCO (b) HCO2... Problem 15PS: Determine the formal charge on each atom in the following molecules and ions: (a) NO2+ (b) NO2 (c)... Problem 16PS: Determine the formal charge on each atom in the following molecules and ions: (a) SO2 (b) OSCl2 (c)... Problem 17PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. Describe the electron-pair... Problem 18PS Problem 19PS Problem 20PS: The following molecules or ions all have three oxygen atoms attached to a central atom. Draw a Lewis... Problem 21PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. Describe the electron-pair... Problem 22PS: Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. Describe the electron-pair... Problem 23PS: Give approximate values for the indicated bond angles. (a) OSO angle in SO2 (b) FBF angle in BF3 (c)... Problem 24PS: Give approximate values for the indicated bond angles: (a) ClSCl in SCl2 (b) NNO in N2O (c) Bond... Problem 25PS: Phenylalanine is one of the natural amino acids and is a breakdown product of the artificial... Problem 26PS: Acetylacetone has the structure shown here. Estimate the values of the indicated angles. Problem 27PS: For each pair of bonds, indicate the more polar bond, and use an arrow to show the direction of... Problem 28PS: For each of the bonds listed below, tell which atom is the more negatively charged. (a) CN (b) CH... Problem 30PS: Urea, (NH2)2CO, is used in plastics and fertilizers. It is also the primary nitrogen-containing... Problem 31PS: Considering both formal charges and bond polarities, predict on which atom or atoms the negative... Problem 32PS: Considering both formal charge and bond polarities, predict on which atom or atoms the positive... Problem 33PS: Three resonance structures are possible for dinitrogen monoxide, N2O. (a) Draw the three resonance... Problem 34PS: Three resonance structures are possible for the thiocyanate ion, SCN. (a) Draw the three resonance... Problem 35PS: Compare the electron dot structures of the hydrogen carbonate ion and nitric acid. (a) Are these... Problem 36PS: Compare the electron dot structures of the carbonate (CO32) and borate (BO33) ions. (a) Are these... Problem 37PS: The chemistry of the nitrite ion and HNO2: (a) Two resonance structures are possible for NO2. Draw... Problem 38PS: Draw the resonance structures for the formate ion, HCO2, and find the formal charge on each atom. If... Problem 39PS Problem 40PS: Consider the following molecules: (a) CH4 (b) NH2Cl (c) BF3 (d) CS2 (i) In which compound are the... Problem 41PS: Which of the following molecules is(are) polar? For each polar molecule indicate the direction of... Problem 42PS Problem 43PS: Give the bond order for each bond in the following molecules or ions: (a) CH2O (b) SO32 (c) NO2+ (d)... Problem 44PS Problem 45PS: In each pair of bonds, predict which is shorter. (a) BCl or CaCl (b) SnO or CO (c) PS or PO (d) C=O... Problem 46PS: In each pair of bonds, predict which is shorter. (a) SiN or SiO (b) SiO or CO (c) CF or CBr (d) The... Problem 47PS Problem 48PS: Compare the carbon-oxygen bond lengths in the formate ion (HCO2), in methanol (CH3OH), and in the... Problem 49PS: Consider the carbon-oxygen bond in formaldehyde (CH2O) and carbon monoxide (CO). In which molecule... Problem 50PS: Compare the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in hydrazine, H2NNH2, with that in laughing gas, N2O. In which... Problem 51PS: Ethanol can be made by the reaction of ethylene and water: H2C=CH2(g) + H2O(g) CH3CH2OH(g) Use bond... Problem 52PS: Methanol can be made by partial oxidation of methane using O2 in the presence of a catalyst: 2... Problem 53PS: Hydrogenation reactions, which involve the addition of H2 to a molecule, are widely used in industry... Problem 54PS: Phosgene, Cl2CO, is a highly toxic gas that was used as a weapon in World War 1. Using the bond... Problem 55PS: The compound oxygen difluoride is quite reactive, giving oxygen and HF when treated with water:... Problem 56PS: Oxygen atoms can combine with ozone to form oxygen: O3(g) + O(g) 2 O2(g) rH = 392 kJ/mol-rxn Using... Problem 57GQ Problem 58GQ Problem 59GQ: Which of the following compounds or ions do not have an octet of electrons surrounding the central... Problem 60GQ Problem 61GQ: Draw resonance structures for the formate ion, HCO2 and then determine the CO bond order in the ion. Problem 62GQ Problem 63GQ Problem 64GQ: What is the principle of electroneutrality? Use this rule to exclude a possible resonance structure... Problem 65GQ Problem 66GQ: Draw resonance structures for the SO2 molecule, and determine the formal charges on the S and O... Problem 67GQ: What are the orders of the NO bonds in NO2 and NO2+? The nitrogen-oxygen bond length in one of these... Problem 68GQ: Which has the greater ONO bond angle, NO2 or NO2+? Explain briefly. Problem 69GQ: Compare the FClF angles in CIF2+ and ClF2. Using Lewis structures, determine the approximate bond... Problem 70GQ: Draw an electron dot structure for the cyanide ion, CN. In aqueous solution, this ion interacts with... Problem 71GQ: Draw the electron dot structure for the sulfite ion, SO32. In aqueous solution, the ion interacts... Problem 72GQ: Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, can decompose to nitrogen and oxygen gas: 2 N2O(g) 2 N2(g) + O2(g) Use... Problem 73GQ: The equation for the combustion of gaseous methanol is 2 CH3OH(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g) (a)... Problem 75GQ: The cyanate ion, OCN, has the least electronegative atom, C, in the center. The unstable fulminate... Problem 76GQ: Vanillin is the flavoring agent in vanilla extract and in vanilla ice cream. Its structure is shown... Problem 77GQ: Explain why (a) XeF2 has a linear molecular structure and not a bent one. (b) ClF3 has a T-shaped... Problem 78GQ: The formula for nitryl chloride is ClNO2 (in which N is the central atom). (a) Draw the Lewis... Problem 79GQ: Hydroxyproline is a less-common amino acid. (a) Give approximate values for the indicated bond... Problem 80GQ: Amides are an important class of organic molecules. They are usually drawn as sketched here, but... Problem 81GQ Problem 82GQ: The molecule shown here. 2-furylmelhanethiol, is responsible for the aroma of coffee: (a) What are... Problem 83GQ: Dihydroxyacetone is a component of quick-tanning lotions. (It reacts with the amino acids in the... Problem 84GQ: It is possible to draw three resonance structures for HNO3, one of which contributes much less to... Problem 85GQ: Acrolein is used to make plastics. Suppose this compound can be prepared by inserting a carbon... Problem 86GQ: Molecules in space: (a) In addition to molecules such as CO, HCl, H2O, and NH3, glycolaldehyde has... Problem 87GQ: 1,2-Dichloroethylene can be synthesized by adding Cl2 to the carbon-carbon triple bond of acetylene.... Problem 88GQ: The molecule pictured below is epinephrine, a compound used as a bronchodilator and antiglaucoma... Problem 89IL: You are doing an experiment in the laboratory and want to prepare a solution in a polar solvent.... Problem 90IL Problem 91IL: A paper published in the research Journal Science in 2007 (S. Vallina and R. Simo, Science, Vol.... Problem 92IL: Uracil is one of the bases in RNA, a close relative of DNA. (a) What are the values of the OCN and... Problem 93IL: Guanine is present in both DNA and RNA. (a) What is the most polar bond in the molecule? (b) What is... Problem 94IL Problem 95SCQ Problem 96SCQ Problem 97SCQ: Bromine-containing species play a role in environmental chemistry. For example, they are evolved in... Problem 98SCQ: Acrylamide, H2C=CHCONH2, is a known neurotoxin and possible carcinogen. It was a shock to all... format_list_bulleted