Physical Universe
16th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862619
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B. (konrad Bates), Beiser, Arthur
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 8, Problem 29E
To determine
The speed of the electron.
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An electron accelerated in an x-ray tube hits an anode (positively charged plate) target.
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=
anode
kV
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4848
46
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a) Assuming all of its energy is transferred in generating x-rays, how fast is the electron moving when
it reaches the anode target if it produces an x-ray with an energy of 46 keV . The mass of the electron
is 9.1 x10-31 kg.
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Hint: How is the energy of x-rays related to the KE of the electrons? How is the kinetic energy related
to the speed?
X-rays
cathode
b) What is the accelerating potential of the x-ray tube (potental difference between the anode and
cathode) in part a)?
Va
Ponder: How large is this volatge? Remember the a regular AA battery has a voltage of 1.5 V.
The very high speeds of alpha particles make them suitable for experiments that probe the nature of matter. A nucleus ejects an alpha particle with a kinetic energy of 8.3 MeV, a typical energy. How fast is the alpha particle moving?
What is the speed of an electron with kinetic energy 750 eV?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Physical Universe
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 6MCCh. 8 - Prob. 7MCCh. 8 - Prob. 8MCCh. 8 - Prob. 9MCCh. 8 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11MCCh. 8 - Prob. 12MCCh. 8 - Prob. 13MCCh. 8 - Prob. 14MCCh. 8 - Prob. 15MCCh. 8 - Prob. 16MCCh. 8 - Prob. 17MCCh. 8 - Prob. 18MCCh. 8 - Prob. 19MCCh. 8 - Prob. 20MCCh. 8 - Prob. 21MCCh. 8 - Prob. 22MCCh. 8 - Prob. 23MCCh. 8 - Prob. 24MCCh. 8 - Prob. 25MCCh. 8 - Prob. 26MCCh. 8 - Prob. 27MCCh. 8 - Prob. 28MCCh. 8 - Prob. 29MCCh. 8 - Prob. 30MCCh. 8 - Prob. 31MCCh. 8 - Prob. 32MCCh. 8 - Prob. 33MCCh. 8 - Prob. 34MCCh. 8 - Prob. 35MCCh. 8 - Prob. 36MCCh. 8 - Prob. 37MCCh. 8 - Prob. 38MCCh. 8 - Prob. 39MCCh. 8 - Prob. 40MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1ECh. 8 - Prob. 2ECh. 8 - Prob. 3ECh. 8 - Prob. 4ECh. 8 - Prob. 5ECh. 8 - Prob. 6ECh. 8 - Prob. 7ECh. 8 - Prob. 8ECh. 8 - Prob. 9ECh. 8 - Prob. 10ECh. 8 - Prob. 11ECh. 8 - Prob. 12ECh. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - Prob. 14ECh. 8 - The polonium isotope 84210Po undergoes alpha decay...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16ECh. 8 - Prob. 17ECh. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Prob. 19ECh. 8 - Prob. 20ECh. 8 - Prob. 21ECh. 8 - If the half-life of a radionuclide is 1 month, is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23ECh. 8 - One-eighth of a sample of T90227h remains...Ch. 8 - Prob. 25ECh. 8 - Prob. 26ECh. 8 - Prob. 27ECh. 8 - Prob. 28ECh. 8 - Prob. 29ECh. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Prob. 33ECh. 8 - Prob. 34ECh. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - Prob. 38ECh. 8 - Prob. 39ECh. 8 - Prob. 40ECh. 8 - Prob. 41ECh. 8 - Prob. 42ECh. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - Prob. 45ECh. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Prob. 48ECh. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Prob. 50ECh. 8 - Prob. 51ECh. 8 - Prob. 52ECh. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Prob. 55ECh. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - Prob. 58E
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- (a) Beta decay is nuclear decay in which an electron is emitted. If the electron is given 0.750 MeV of kinetic energy, what is its velocity? (b) Comment on how the high velocity is consistent with the kinetic energy as it compares to the rest mass energy of the electron.arrow_forward(a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of how energetic a ray must be to travel at nearly the same speed as a ray. (b) What is the velocity of the ray relative to the ray?arrow_forwardA positron is an antimatter version of the electron, having exactly the same mass. When a positron and an electron meet, they annihilate, converting all of their mass into energy. (a) Find the energy released, assuming negligible kinetic energy before the annihilation. (b) If this energy is given to a proton in the form of kinetic energy, what is its velocity? (c) If this energy is given to another electron in the form of kinetic energy, what is its velocity?arrow_forward
- An electron having kinetic energy K = 1.000 MeV makes a head-on collision with a positron at rest. (A positron is an antimatter particle that has the same mass as the electron but opposite charge.) In the collision the two particles annihilate each other and are replaced by two γ rays of equal energy, each traveling at equal angles θ with the electron’s direction of motion. (Gamma rays are massless particles of electromagnetic radiation having energy E = pc.) Find the energy E, momentum p, and angle of emission θ of the γ rays.arrow_forwardA muon formed high in Earth's atmosphere travels toward Earth at a speed v = 0.990c for a distance of 4.60 km as measured by an observer at rest with respect to Earth. It then decays into an electron, a neutrino, and an antineutrino. (a) How long does the muon survive according to an observer at rest on Earth? (b) Compute the gamma factor associated with the muon. (c) How much time passes according to an observer traveling with the muon? (d) What distance does the muon travel according to an observer traveling with the muon? (e) A third observer traveling toward the muon at c/2 measures the lifetime of the particle. According to this observer, is the muons lifetime shorter or longer than the lifetime measured by the observer at rest with respect to Earth? Explain.arrow_forwardThe rest energy of an electron is 0.511 MeV. The rest energy of a proton is 938 MeV. Assume both particles have kinetic energies of 2.00 MeV. Find the speed of (a) the electron and (b) the proton. (c) By what factor does the speed of the electron exceed that of the proton? (d) Repeat the calculations in parts (a) through (c) assuming both particles have kinetic energies of 2 000 MeV.arrow_forward
- Alpha decay is nuclear decay in which a helium nucleus is emitted. If the helium nucleus has a mass of 6.801027 kg and is given 5.00 MeV of kinetic energy, what is its velocity?arrow_forward1. An alpha particle has a kinetic energy of 1.8 MeV. What is its speed? 2. A beta particle emitted in nuclear decay has a kinetic energy of 2600 eV. What is its speed?arrow_forwardErnest Rutherford is famous for, among other things, shooting alpha particles at unsuspecting gold atoms. Consider an alpha particle endowed with 5.00 MeV of energy. Determine the closest distance this particle can approach the nucleus of a gold atom before deflectingarrow_forward
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