BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 8, Problem 1S
Compare and contrast the fixation of carbon in C3, C4, and CAM plants.
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A) The concentration of CO2 is lower inside a plant cell than in the atmosphere (outside the cell). In your own words, describe how the CO2 levels are kept low inside the plant cell and explain why this is necessary. Assume stomata are open.
B) Regarding the situation presented in Part A and assuming that the stomata of the plant leaves are closed, would this favour the induction of photorespiration in a C3 plant? Explain. Make reference to relevant molecule or molecules as needed.
Please clearly label your responses as A and B
Describe C3, C4 and CAM plants.
It is the term referring to the characteristic leaf structure of C4 plants that enables them to outperform C3 plants in an environment that has high O2 concentration and/or temperature. Unlike C3 and CAM plants, C4 plants, such as corn and sugarcane, have leaves with vascular bundles that are surrounded by a chloroplast-rich vascular bundle sheath, which is further surrounded by the spongy mesophyll.
Chapter 8 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.2 - Differentiate between the light-dependent and...Ch. 8.3 - Discuss how pigments are important to...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 8.6 - Describe carbon fixation.Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 8.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8 - Prob. 1DACh. 8 - Prob. 2DACh. 8 - Prob. 3DACh. 8 - The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis...Ch. 8 - Which region of a chloroplast is associated with...Ch. 8 - The colors of light that are most effective for...Ch. 8 - During noncyclic photosynthesis, photosystem I...Ch. 8 - How is a reaction center pigment in a photosystem...Ch. 8 - The ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are...Ch. 8 - The carbon fixation reaction converts a. inorganic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8UCh. 8 - Prob. 1ACh. 8 - If you could measure pH within a chloroplast,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3ACh. 8 - If the Calvin cycle runs through six turns a. all...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5ACh. 8 - Given that the C4 pathway gets around the problems...Ch. 8 - If the thylakoid membrane became leaky to ions,...Ch. 8 - The overall process of photosynthesis a. results...Ch. 8 - Compare and contrast the fixation of carbon in C3,...Ch. 8 - Diagram the relationship between the reactants and...Ch. 8 - Do plant cells need mitochondria? Explain your...
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- Describe the major differences and similarities between C3, C4, and CAM plants.arrow_forwardExplain the chemical pathway used to fix carbon dioxide in C3 plants in preparation for the Calvin cycle. Explain the chemical pathway used to fix carbon dioxide in C4 plants in preparation for the Calvin cycle. Explain the leaf anatomy in C3 plants and how the structure fits the function of carbon fixation. Explain the leaf anatomy in C4 plants and how the structure fits the function of carbon fixation.arrow_forwardDescribe how CAM plants are different from C3 and C4 plants and why they have this adaptation. Where CAM plants are typically found?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is are TRUE? Ca pathway involves a single C02 fixation step. In CAM plants. stomata are open during day time. Chlorophyll pigments absorb maximum light in the green wavelength. Reaction center of PSI is P700arrow_forwardExplain how C4 and CAM plants minimize photorespiration.arrow_forwardWhy are some plants called C4 plants and why are they important? How have they adapted to unfavorable climatic conditions? How do the activities of C4 plants compare with the activities of CAM plants?arrow_forward
- Climate monitoring demonstrates a continued increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Most scientists agree that this increased carbon dioxide will also lead to higher temperatures. a) How might future climate change affect metabolic pathways in plant populations? Explain. b) Biotechnologists are currently looking for ways to maintain food sources in climbing heat and carbon dioxide levels, particularly in developing countries. One such endeavor is to convert rice from a C3 to a C4 pathway to increase its photosynthetic efficiency. Will this actually increase its efficiency? Explain.arrow_forwardDefine the process of transpiration and state the possible advantages and disadvantages of transpiration in plants.arrow_forwardB) Describe the mechanisms employed by two types of plants to minimize photorespiration and ensure that the CC is carried out even when environmental conditions are not in their favor. Be sure to identify 1) the type of plant, 2) its natural environment and how it affects the plant's ability to perform the CC, and 3) how it has adapted itself to minimize photorespiration. 4arrow_forward
- Give two examples (names) for each: C3, C4 and CAM plants. In what environments do you expect to find a C3, C4 or a CAM plant?arrow_forwardEven though C4 plants require more ATP per CO₂ fixed, at higher temperatures, they are more efficient than C3 plants. Which of the following explains the effectiveness of C4 plants? contains a mutant form of Rubisco that does not bind to oxygen oxygen is prevented from entering the bundle-sheath cells where Rubisco is found Oduring the night, carbon dioxide is stored as malate so that stomata do not need to open during the day O photorespiration in C4 plants produces energy while in C3 plants, energy is consumedarrow_forwardWhich of the following descriptions about C4 and CAM plants is not correct? Select one: a. CAM plants use CO2 released from organic compounds during the day b. C4 and CAM plants both close stomata during the day in hot and dry climates. c. in C4 plants, PEP carboxylase present in bundle-sheath cells incorporate CO2 into C4 compounds d. CAM plants fix CO2 at night e. C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 even when CO2 concentrations are lowarrow_forward
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