Essentials of MIS (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134238241
Author: Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1RQ
Program Plan Intro
System vulnerability:
- When huge data amounts are been kept in electronic form, it becomes susceptible to many threats.
- The information systems in many locations are been interconnected through communication networks.
- The unauthorized access can occur at many access points in network and is not limited to single location.
- The data flowing over networks could be accessed; valuable information could be stolen while transmission or data could be altered without authorization.
- The denial-of-service attacks are launched by intruders to disrupt website operations.
- Internets are vulnerable than internal networks as it is open to everyone.
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Threats against contemporary information systems:
- The common threats against contemporary information systems are shown below:
-
o Technical threats:
- It includes unauthorized access and introducing errors.
-
o Communications:
- It includes tapping of conversations.
- Message alteration, radiation, fraud and theft.
- Denial of service attacks
-
o Corporate Systems:
- Theft of data
- Data copying
- Data Alteration
- Hardware failure
- Software failure
- Power failure
- Natural disasters.
-
o Poor management decisions:
- Poor design of safeguard
- It causes valuable data being lost or destroyed.
-
o Technical threats:
Explanation of Solution
Malware:
- A malware denotes a program that is harmful to a computer user.
- It includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses and spyware programs that gather information without user permission.
- Virus:
- o A program that would replicate itself by being copied.
- o It may initiate copying to another program, document or computer boot sector.
- Worm:
- o It denotes a virus that is self-replicating and does not alter files but resides in active memory.
- o It duplicates itself without human intervention.
- Trojan horse:
-
o A program in which malicious code is contained inside data or
programming that is harmless. - o It is not a virus as it does not replicate, but it denotes a way for other malicious code to be introduced into system.
-
o A program in which malicious code is contained inside data or
Explanation of Solution
Security problems created by hacker:
- A hacker denotes an individual who gains unauthorized access to computer system.
- It does so by finding security protection weakness in websites and computer systems.
- A hacker threatens
computer system security , steals information, damages systems and commits cyber vandalism. - They disrupt, deface or destroy a website or
information system intentionally.
Explanation of Solution
Computer crime with examples:
- A computer crime denotes any violations of criminal law that involves knowledge of computer technology for perpetration, investigation or prosecution.
- It is defined as commission of illegal acts through use of a computer or against computer system.
- The examples with computers as crime targets are shown below:
- o Confidentiality breach for protected computerized data.
- o Unauthorized access to computer systems.
- o Accessing protected computers for committing fraud.
- o Accessing protected computers for causing damage intentionally.
- o Transmission of a program that causes damage to protected computer.
- The examples with computers as instruments of crime are shown below:
- o Trade secrets theft.
- o Defraud schemes.
- o Using threatening mails.
- o Attempt to intercept electronic communication intentionally.
- o Illegal access of stored communications including voice mail and email.
- o Transmission of child pornography using computer.
Explanation of Solution
Identity theft and phishing:
- Identity theft denotes a crime in which personal information pieces are obtained.
- It includes social security number, license number or credit card number to act as behalf of someone else.
- The information might be used for obtaining credit, merchandise or services in name of victim.
- It is a big problem today as internet has made easy for identity thieves to use stolen information.
- The goods could be purchased online without any personal interaction.
- The e-commerce sites become sources for personal information that criminals uses to establish a new identity.
- Phishing denotes setting up fake websites or sending fake mails that look like those from legitimate business.
- It asks users for confidential personal data.
- The user may ask recipients to confirm records by providing social security numbers, credit card information and other personal details.
Explanation of Solution
Security and system reliability problems:
- The employees create financial threats to business. It includes destruction of e-commerce sites, diversion of credit data and personal information.
- Employees has access to privileged information and in presence of weak security procedures, they can check all personal details.
- The system compromise happens when an employee lets coworker use the system.
- Malicious intruders may trick employees into password revealing pretending to be legitimate company members.
- The faulty data could be entered by employees and can introduce errors.
- Information specialists can create software errors while designing and development of new software.
Explanation of Solution
Software defects affect system reliability and security:
- The software could fail to perform well or gives erroneous result because of undetected bugs.
- A control system may fail to carry messages or allow internet access.
- The customers may be wrongly charged due to such failures.
- The business may order more inventory than it requires.
- The bugs or defects caused by incorrect designs denote major quality problems.
- The maintenance of old programs that is caused by changes in organization,
system design flaws and software complexity denotes a problem. - The small bugs in middle of complex programs may create serious issues in testing.
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Essentials of MIS (12th Edition)
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