17th Edition

ISBN: 9781938168185

Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher: OpenStax

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The incoming photons' energy must be in the range of an X-ray frequency to generate the Compton effect. The electron does not lose enough energy that reduces the wavelength of scattered photons towards the visible spectrum. As a result, with visible ligh…

Recoil Velocity

The amount of backward thrust or force experienced by a person when he/she shoots a gun in the forward direction is called recoil velocity. This phenomenon always follows the law of conservation of linear momentum.

Textbook Question

Chapter 8, Problem 17CQ

NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud just outside our Milky Way Galaxy. Ultraviolet light from hot stars ionize the hydrogen atoms in the nebula. As protons and electrons recombine, light in the visible range is emitted. Compare the energies of the photons involved in these two transitions.

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Chapter 8, Problem 16CQ

Chapter 8, Problem 18CQ

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The light observed that is emitted by a hydrogen atom is explained by a simple model of its structure with one proton in its nucleus and an electron bound to it, but only with internal energies of the atom satisfying EH=−RH/n2EH=−RH/n2 where RHRH is the Rydberg constant and nn is an integer such as 1, 2, 3 ... and so on. When a hydrogen atom in an excited state emits light, the photon carries away energy and the atom goes into a lower energy state. Be careful about units. The Rydberg constant in eV is 13.605693009 eV That would be multiplied by the charge on the electron 1.602× 10-19 C to give 2.18× 10-18 J A photon with this energy would have a frequency f such that E=hf. Its wavelength would be λ = c/f = hc/E. Sometimes it is handy to measure the Rydberg constant in units of 1/length for this reason. You may see it given as 109737 cm-1 if you search the web, so be aware that's not joules. The following questions are intended to help you understand the connection between…

Find the requested quantities of a photon involved in the following hydrogen electron transitions. a) What is the longest possible wavelength of photon that can be ABSORBED by an electron that starts in the n = 1 state? nm b) What is the shortest possible wavelength of a photon that can be ABSORBED by an electron that starts in the n 1 state? nm c) What is the energy of the longest wavelength photon EMITTED by an electron that starts in then = 8 state? d) What is the energy of the shortest wavelength photon EMITTED by an electron that starts in the n = 8 state?

An electron within the hydrogen atom is excited from n1 to n4. The electron then "falls" back to ni in two steps (n4 -> n2, n2 -> n1). Which of the following statements is true about the light emitted during this process? One photons will be emitted. Two photons will be emitted. O Three photons will be emitted. Four photons will be emitted.

Chapter 8 Solutions

University Physics Volume 3

Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding Can the magnitude of...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding If the Stem-Gerlach...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding X-rays are produced by...Ch. 8 - Identify the physical significance of each of the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ground state of hydrogen in terms of...Ch. 8 - Distinguish between Bohr’s and Schiödinger’s model...Ch. 8 - Explain why spectral lines of the hydrogen atom...Ch. 8 - A hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field....Ch. 8 - On what factors does the orbital magnetic dipole...Ch. 8 - Explain how a hydrogen atom in the ground state (l...

Ch. 8 - Compare orbital angular momentum with spin angular...Ch. 8 - List all the possible values of s and msfor an...Ch. 8 - Are the angular momentum vectors L necessarily S...Ch. 8 - What is spin-orbit coupling?Ch. 8 - What is Pauli's exclusion principle? Explain the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron configurations of the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron configurations of the...Ch. 8 - Atomic and molecular spectra are discrete. What...Ch. 8 - Discuss the process of the absorption of light by...Ch. 8 - NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large...Ch. 8 - Why are X-rays emitted only for electron...Ch. 8 - How do the allowed orbits for electrons in atoms...Ch. 8 - Distinguish between coherent and monochromatic...Ch. 8 - Why is a metastable state necessary for the...Ch. 8 - How does light from an incandescent light bulb...Ch. 8 - How is a Blu-Ray player able to read more...Ch. 8 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 8 - The wave function is evaluated at rectangular...Ch. 8 - If an atom has an election in the n = 5 state with...Ch. 8 - What are the possible values of m for an electron...Ch. 8 - What, if any, constraints does a value of m = 1...Ch. 8 - What are the possible values of m for an electron...Ch. 8 - (a) How many angles can L make with the z-axis for...Ch. 8 - The force on an electron is “negative the gradient...Ch. 8 - What is the total number of states with orbital...Ch. 8 - The wave function is evaluated at spherical...Ch. 8 - Coulomb's force law states that the force between...Ch. 8 - Write an expression for the total number of states...Ch. 8 - Consider hydrogen in the ground state, 100 . (a)...Ch. 8 - What is the probability that the is electron of a...Ch. 8 - How many polar angles are possible for an electron...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of orbital angular...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of orbital angular...Ch. 8 - Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole...Ch. 8 - A current of I = 2A flows through a square-shaped...Ch. 8 - Estimate the ratio of the electron magnetic moment...Ch. 8 - Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole...Ch. 8 - For a 3d electron in an external magnetic field of...Ch. 8 - An electron in a hydrogen atom is in the n = 5, l...Ch. 8 - Find the minimum torque magnitude that acts on...Ch. 8 - An election in a hydrogen atom is in 3p state....Ch. 8 - Show that U=B . (Hint: An infinitesimal amount of...Ch. 8 - What is the magnitude of the spin momentum of an...Ch. 8 - What are the possible polar orientations of the...Ch. 8 - For n = 1, write all the possible sets of quantum...Ch. 8 - A hydrogen atom is placed in an external uniform...Ch. 8 - If the magnetic field in the preceding problem is...Ch. 8 - If the magnetic moment in the preceding problem is...Ch. 8 - For n = 2, write all the possible sets of quantum...Ch. 8 - (a) How many electrons can be in the n = 4 shell?...Ch. 8 - (a) What is the minimum value of l for a subshell...Ch. 8 - Unreasonable result. Which of die following...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for potassium.Ch. 8 - Write the election configuration for iron.Ch. 8 - The valence election of potassium is excited to a...Ch. 8 - (a) If one subshell of an atom has nine electrons...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for magnesium.Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for carbon.Ch. 8 - The magnitudes of the resultant spins of the...Ch. 8 - What is the minimum frequency of a photon required...Ch. 8 - The ion Li2+ makes ail atomic transition from ail...Ch. 8 - The red light emitted by a ruby laser has a...Ch. 8 - The yellow light from a sodium-vapor street lamp...Ch. 8 - Estimate the frequency of the KaX-ray from cesium.Ch. 8 - Estimate the frequency of the K X-ray from cesium.Ch. 8 - X-rays are produced by striking a target with a...Ch. 8 - For the preceding problem, what happens to the...Ch. 8 - Suppose the experiment in the preceding problem is...Ch. 8 - An X-ray tube accelerates an electron with an...Ch. 8 - A color television tube generates some X-rays when...Ch. 8 - An X-ray tube has an applied voltage of 100 kV....Ch. 8 - The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy...Ch. 8 - What are the approximate energies of the K and...Ch. 8 - Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper...Ch. 8 - The approximate energies of the K and K X-rays for...Ch. 8 - A carbon dioxide laser used in surgery emits...Ch. 8 - An excimer laser used for vision correction emits...Ch. 8 - For a hydrogen atom in an excited state with...Ch. 8 - What is the probability that the Is electron of...Ch. 8 - Sketch the potential energy function of an...Ch. 8 - Find the value of l, the orbital angular momentum...Ch. 8 - Show that the maximum number of orbital angular...Ch. 8 - What is the magnitude of an electron magnetic...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of electron states n =...Ch. 8 - A ground-state hydrogen atom is placed in a...Ch. 8 - Show that the maximum number of electron states...Ch. 8 - The valence election of chlorine is excited to a...Ch. 8 - Which of the following notations are allowed (that...Ch. 8 - The ion Be3+ makes an atomic transition from an n...Ch. 8 - The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy...Ch. 8 - Derive an expression for the ratio of X-ray photon...Ch. 8 - Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper...Ch. 8 - (a) What voltage must be applied to an X-ray tube...Ch. 8 - A student in a physics laboratory observes a...

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