Chapter 8, Problem 136A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of carbon atoms in acetonitrile is to be determined. The hybridization on each carbon atom is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The combination of two things that have both the characteristics is termed as a hybrid. The process of mixing of atomic orbitals of different energy to form identical hybrid orbitals of equal energy is termed as hybridization.

Answer to Problem 136A

There are two carbon atoms in acetonitrile. The hybridization of the first carbon atom is $s{p}^3$. The hybridization of the second carbon atom is $sp$.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of acetonitrile is given as shown below.

In the above structure of acetonitrile, there are three hydrogen atoms, two carbon atoms, and one nitrogen atom. Therefore, there are two carbon atoms in acetonitrile.

Here, the first carbon atom is surrounded by four electron groups (Three H atoms and one carbon atom). Therefore, the hybridization of the first carbon atom is $s{p}^3$. The second carbon atom is surrounded by two-electron groups (One C atom and one N atom). Therefore, the hybridization of the second carbon atom is $sp$.

Conclusion

There are two carbon atoms in acetonitrile. The hybridization of the first carbon and second carbon atom is $s{p}^3$ and $sp$ respectively.