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Early-Onset Dementia. Dementia is the loss of the intellectual and social abilities severe enough to interfere with judgment, behavior, and daily
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- Question The question is the bottom of the page. See the figure attached to this question. Scenario 9.1 is based on and presents results consistent with the following studies: Snedeker, J., Geren, J., & Shafto, C. L. (2012). Disentangling the effects of cognitive development and linguistic expertise: A longitudinal study of the acquisition of English in internationally-adopted children. Cognitive Psychology, 65(1), 39–76. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.01.004 Snedeker, J., Geren, J., & Shafto, C. L. (2007). Starting over: International adoption as a natural experiment in language development. Psychological Science, 18(1), 79–87. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01852.x Language development occurs in orderly stages, beginning with one-word utterances and progressing to two-word utterances, simple sentences containing function morphemes, and the emergence of grammatical rules. Psycholinguists have attempted to determine if language development is a consequence of cognitive development…arrow_forwardLeisure Activities and Dementia. An article appearing in the Los Angeles Times discussed the study “Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 348) by J.Verghese et al. The article in the Times, titled “Crosswords Reduce Risk of Dementia,” contained the following statement: “Elderly people who frequently read, do crossword puzzles, practice a musical instrument or play board games cut their risk of Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia by nearly two-thirds compared with people who seldom do such activities.” Comment on thestatement in quotes, keeping in mind the type of study for which causation can be reasonably inferred.arrow_forwardSocial media provides an enormous amount of data about the activities and habits of people using social platforms like Face book and Twitter. The belief is that mining that data provides a treasure trove for those who seek to quantify and predict future human behavior. A marketer is planning a survey of Internet users in the United States to determine social media usage. The objective of the survey is to gain insight on these three items: key social media platforms used, frequency of social media usage, and demographics of key social media platform users. a. For each of the three items listed, indicate whether the variables are categorical or numerical. If a variable is numerical, is it dis crete or continuous? b. Develop five categorical questions for the survey. c. Develop five numerical questions for the survey.arrow_forward
- Lobbying Congress. In the special report, “Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us” (TIME, Vol. 181, No. 8, 2013), S. Brill presented an in-depth investigation of hospital billing practices that reveals why U.S. health care spending is out of control. One of the many statistics provided in the report is that, during the period from 1998 through 2012, the pharmaceutical and health-care-products industries and organizations representing doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, health services, and HMOs spent $5.36 billion lobbying Congress. a. Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbyingexpenditure figure be a descriptive statistic? Explain your answer. b. Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbyingexpenditure figure be an inferential statistic? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardLobbying Congress. In the special report, “Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us” (TIME, Vol. 181, No. 8, 2013), S. Brill presented an in-depth investigation of hospital billing practices that reveals why U.S. health care spending is out of control. One of the many statistics provided in the report is that, during the period from 1998 through 2012, thepharmaceutical and health-care-products industries and organizations representing doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, health services, and HMOs spent $5.36 billion lobbying Congress. a. Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbyingexpenditure gure be a descriptive statistic? Explain your answer.b. Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbyingexpenditure gure be an inferential statistic? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardAs you read about each study, (a) classify the type of research that it reflects, and (b) identify the kinds of conclusions that might reasonably be drawn from the results. During their 8th- and 11th-grade school years, students in the Ranger School District take standardized achievement tests designed to assess their language and math skills. The superintendent receives a report showing how Ranger students compare with those in many other school districts across the nation. The superintendent discusses the results with the school principals. (a) Classify the research as one of the following: Quantitative/descriptive Quantitative/correlational Quantitative/experimental Quantitative/quasi-experimental Qualitative Mixed methods, and then (b) Identify one or more conclusions that might reasonably be drawn from this study and, if relevant, one or more conclusions that cannot be drawn from the studyarrow_forward
- "Bullying." according to noted expert Dan Olweus, "poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child." Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure depression in a group of victims and a group of bully-victims using a 26-item, 3-point depression scale. Assume scores on the depression scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the depression scores are the same among victims and bully-victims. The group of 25 victims scored an average of 25.3 with a sample standard deviation of 9 on the depression scale. The group of 23 bully-victims scored an average of 20.5 with a sample standard deviation of 8 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether victims or bully-victims…arrow_forwardIdentify and explain the significance of the three basic principles of experimental design.arrow_forwardIn August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed; of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. The article “Health Effects of Exposure to Water-Damaged New Orleans Homes Six Months After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita” (K. Cummings, J. Cox-Ganser, et al., American Journal of Public Health, 2008:869–875) reports that in a sample of 365 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 77 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 179 residents who had not participated in cleaning, 23 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that the frequency of wheezing symptoms is greater among those residents who participated in the cleaning of flood-damaged…arrow_forward
- The University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) surveys more than 22,000 Americans over the age of 50 every two years. A subsample of the HRS participated in an Internet-based survey that collected information on a number of topical areas, including health (physical and mental health behaviors), psychosocial items, economics (income, assets, expectations, and consumption), and retirement. Two of the questions asked were: "Would you say your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?" and “Do you smoke cigarettes now?" Here is the two-way table that summarizes the answers on these two questions: Current smoker Нealth Yes No Excellent 25 484 Very good 115 1557 Good 145 1309 Fair 90 545 Рoor 29 11 This table gives the responses of a survey of 4310 Americans to questions about their health and whether they currently smoke cigarettes. You might find this chi-square table useful. Do these data satisfy our guidelines for safe use of the chi-square test? Enter your…arrow_forwardIndividuals with strong religious beliefs often turn to their faith to cope with stressful life events. Relying on God's love and caring is referred to as positive religious coping. Andrea Phelps and her colleagues studied the relationship between positive religious coping and the type of care received by terminally ill cancer patients. Most of the patients in the study were Christian. [Source: Phelps, A. et al., "Religious coping and use of intensive life-prolonging care near death in patients with advanced cancer." Journal of the American Medical Association, 301 (2009): 1140-1147.] Suppose another researcher conducts a similar study but uses a sample of patients whose religious traditions are more varied than the patients in the Phelps study. He samples 400 terminally ill patients to see whether their practicing a religion is related to how likely they are to seek intensive life-prolonging care. The following table shows the results of the study. Observed Frequencies Seeks Intensive…arrow_forwardBiostatistics question: Introduction: The direct health consequences of mass shootings include death, injury, and psychological trauma among those affected. Less overt health implications may also occur within affected communities. The health consequences of mass shootings as well as violence, terrorism, and war disproportionately affect children because the periods of fetal development, infancy, and young childhood are especially sensitive to adverse shocks and stress. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess changes in newborn birthweight in U.S. communities where a mass shooting took place. Methods: This study ascertains whether exposure to a mass shooting in the county of birth adversely affected subsequent birthweight through community bereavement and stress. All births records from 1982-2002 in counties where a mass shooting took place were used; newborns were compared within-counties. A total of 3.2 million births were included in the analysis as well as 61…arrow_forward
- Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt