Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The configuration of the chiral center has to be identified for given substrate.
Concept Introduction:
Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.
Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
- 1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their
atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane. - 2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
- 3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
Chirality: It refers to a Carbon atom in a molecule that contains four different substituents.
Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon using CIP rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
- 1. Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers to the atoms in the decreasing order of their atomic mass by placing the hydrogen atom below the plane.
- 2. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
- 3. Suppose if the hydrogen is placed above the plane then the corresponding isomer is just opposite to the resulting isomer.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reaction mechanism and the configurations of substrate and product for the given reaction should be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
Structure of the substrate plays major role in
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