Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The preparation method for the given compound has to be given by taking ethyne as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkyne in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an enol. Enol contains a double bond and an
If a carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl groups, it is called as a
Conversion of terminal
(b)
Interpretation:
The preparation method for the given compound has to be given by taking ethyne as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagent is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans
(c)
Interpretation:
The preparation method for the given compound has to be given by taking ethyne as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagent is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.
Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkyne in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an enol. Enol contains a double bond and an
If a carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl groups, it is called as a ketone. The enol formed in the acid catalysed addition of water will be easily converted into a ketone.
Conversion of terminal alkynes into enol: If we want to convert terminal alkyne into an enol, the presence of mercuric ion as a catalyst should be needed and the catalyst will increase the rate of the reaction.
(d)
Interpretation:
The preparation method for the given compound has to be given by taking ethyne as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagent is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.
(e)
Interpretation:
The preparation method for the given compound has to be given by taking ethyne as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagent is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.
(f)
Interpretation:
The preparation method for the given compound has to be given by taking ethyne as starting material.
Concept Introduction:
Deprotonation: The reaction in which proton is removed from the compound using reagents is known as deprotonation.
Different reagents are used for the deprotonation and one of the common reagent is sodium amide.
Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.
Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.
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Organic Chemistry, Books a la Carte Edition (8th Edition)
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