Concept explainers
Consider the unbalanced chemical equation.
A chemistry student tries to balance the equation by placing the subscript 2 after the oxygen atom in H2O. Explain why this is not correct. What is the correct balanced equation?
Learn your wayIncludes step-by-step video
Chapter 7 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry, Books a la Carte Edition & Modified MasteringChemistry with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Introductory Chemistry Package
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
Chemistry: Structure and Properties
Organic Chemistry
- The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardShould heat be added as a reactant or as a product to each of the following equations for chemical reactions based on the given thermicity for the reaction? a. 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 (exothermic) b. N2 + O2 2NO (endothermic) c. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O (exothermic) d. 2H2O + 2Cl2 4HCl + O2 (endothermic)arrow_forwardA rebreathing gas mask contains potassium superoxide, KO2, which reacts with moisture in the breath to give oxygen. 4KO2(s)+2H2O(l)4KOH(s)+3O2(g) Estimate the grams of potassium superoxide required to supply a persons oxygen needs for one hour. Assume a person requires 1.00 102 kcal of energy for this time period. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 1.00 102 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of oxygen consumed and hence the amount of KO2 required. The ff0 for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- A student set up an experiment for six different trials of the reaction between 1.00-M aqueous acetic acid, CH3COOH, and solid sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3. CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(s) NaCH3CO2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O() The volume of acetic acid was kept constant, but the mass of sodium bicarbonate increased with each trial. The results of the tests are shown in the figure. (a) In which trial(s) is the acetic acid the limiting reactant? (b) In which trial(s) is sodium bicarbonate the limiting reactant? (c) Explain your reasoning in parts (a) and (b).arrow_forwardCarbon dioxide from the atmosphere weathers, or dissolves, limestone (CaCO3) by the reaction CaCO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)Ca2(aq)+2HCO3(aq) Obtain H for this reaction. See Table 6.2 for the data.arrow_forward4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forward
- Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can be produced by fermentation of glucose. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2 (a) Calculate the mass (g) of ethanol produced by the fermentation of 1.000 lb glucose. (b) Gasohol is a mixture of 10.00 mL ethanol per 90.00 mL gasoline. Calculate the mass (in g) of glucose required to produce the ethanol in 1.00 gal gasohol. Density of ethanol = 0.785 g/mL. (c) By 2022, the U. S. Energy Independence and Security Act calls for annual production of 3.6 1010 gal of ethanol, no more than 40% of it produced by fermentation of corn. Fermentation of 1 ton (2.2 103 lb) of corn yields approximately 106 gal of ethanol. The average corn yield in the United States is about 2.1 105 lb per 1.0 105 m2. Calculate the acreage (in m2) required to raise corn solely for ethanol production in 2022 in the United States.arrow_forwardlist at least three quantities that must be conserved in chemical reactions.arrow_forwardOne of the components of polluted air is NO. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)H=180KJ Why are high temperatures needed to convert N2 and O2 to NO?arrow_forward
- According to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), waste material is classified as toxic and must be handled as hazardous if the lead concentration exceeds 5 mg/L. By adding chloride ion, the lead ion will precipitate as PbCl2, which can be separated from the liquid portion. Once the lead has been removed, the rest of the waste can be sent to a conventional waste treatment facility. How many grams of sodium chloride must be added to 500 L of a waste solution to reduce the concentration of the Pb2+ ion from 10 to 5 mg/L?arrow_forwardOne of the few industrial-scale processes that produce organic compounds electrochemically is used by the Monsanto Company to produce1,4-dicyanobutane. The reduction reaction is 2CH2CHCH+2H++2eNC(CH2)4CN The NC(CH2)4CN is then chemically reduced using hydrogen gas to H2N(CH2)6NH2, which is used in the production of nylon. What current must be used to produce 150.kg NC(CH2)4CN per hour?arrow_forwardA novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea water involves several reactions. Write a balanced chemical equation for each step of the process. (a) The first step is the decomposition of solid calcium carbonate from seashells to form solid calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide. (b) The second step is the formation of solid calcium hydroxide as the only product from the reaction of the solid calcium oxide with liquid water. (c) Solid calcium hydroxide is then added to the seawater, reacting with dissolved magnesium chloride to yield solid magnesium hydroxide and aqueous calcium chloride. (d) The solid magnesium hydroxide is added to a hydrochloric acid solution, producing dissolved magnesium chloride and liquid water. (e) Finally, the magnesium chloride is melted and electrolyzed to yield liquid magnesium metal and diatomic chlorine gas.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co