Physical Universe
16th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862619
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B. (konrad Bates), Beiser, Arthur
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 7, Problem 23E
To determine
What varies in a light right angle to the direction of motion?
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The velocity of light in glass is 2 × 10'
m/s. If refractive index of glass with respect to
water is 9/8, then the velocity of light in water
is
(a)
1.6 x 10° m/s
(b)
1.33 x 10° m/s
(c)
3 x 10° m/s
(d)
2.25 x 10° m/sec
If the index of refraction of glass for red light is 1.45, what is the speed of a light, the speed of a photon, in the glass?
The same as the speed it would have in a vacuum, that is the same as "c"
Faster than the speed it would have in a vacuum by the factor 1.45
Dependent on the energy or power in the light
Slower than the speed in vacuum by the factor 1/1.45
A block of a transparent solid sits on top of the horizontal surface of a block of glass. A ray of light traveling in the glass is incident on the top surface of the glass at an angle of 62.0 with respect to the normal to the surface. The light has wavelength 447 nm in the glass and 315 nm in the transparent solid. What angle does the ray that refracts into the transparent solid make with the normal to the surface?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Physical Universe
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCCh. 7 - Prob. 7MCCh. 7 - Prob. 8MCCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCCh. 7 - Six flutes playing together produce a 60-dB sound....
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11MCCh. 7 - Prob. 12MCCh. 7 - Maxwell based his theory of electromagnetic (em)...Ch. 7 - In a vacuum the speed of an em wave a. depends...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15MCCh. 7 - Prob. 16MCCh. 7 - Prob. 17MCCh. 7 - Light waves a. require air or another gas to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19MCCh. 7 - The ionosphere is a region of ionized gas in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21MCCh. 7 - Prob. 22MCCh. 7 - Prob. 23MCCh. 7 - Prob. 24MCCh. 7 - Prob. 25MCCh. 7 - Prob. 26MCCh. 7 - Prob. 27MCCh. 7 - Prob. 28MCCh. 7 - Prob. 29MCCh. 7 - Prob. 30MCCh. 7 - Prob. 31MCCh. 7 - Prob. 32MCCh. 7 - Prob. 33MCCh. 7 - Thin films of oil and soapy water owe their...Ch. 7 - The sky is blue because a. air molecules are blue...Ch. 7 - Diffraction refers to a. the splitting of a beam...Ch. 7 - The useful magnification of a telescope is limited...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38MCCh. 7 - The speed of sound waves having a frequency of 256...Ch. 7 - The wavelength of sound waves having a frequency...Ch. 7 - Prob. 41MCCh. 7 - Prob. 42MCCh. 7 - Prob. 43MCCh. 7 - Prob. 44MCCh. 7 - Prob. 45MCCh. 7 - (a) Distinguish between longitudinal and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2ECh. 7 - Water waves whose crests are 6 m apart reach the...Ch. 7 - Water waves are approaching a lighthouse at a rate...Ch. 7 - At one end of a ripple tank 90 cm across, a 6-Hz...Ch. 7 - A 1.2-MHz ultrasonic beam is used to scan body...Ch. 7 - Why does sound travel fastest in solids and...Ch. 7 - The speed of sound in a gas depends upon the...Ch. 7 - Even if astronauts on the moons surface did not...Ch. 7 - What eventually becomes of the energy of sound...Ch. 7 - A person is watching as spikes are being driven to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12ECh. 7 - Find the frequency of sound waves in air whose...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Prob. 15ECh. 7 - A violin string vibrates 1044 times per second....Ch. 7 - Prob. 17ECh. 7 - A double star consists of two nearby stars that...Ch. 7 - The characteristic wavelengths of light emitted by...Ch. 7 - Why are light waves able to travel through a...Ch. 7 - How could you show that light carries energy?Ch. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - Prob. 23ECh. 7 - Which of the following waves cannot be polarized:...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25ECh. 7 - Prob. 26ECh. 7 - Visible light of which color has the lowest...Ch. 7 - A radar signal took 2.7 s to go to the moon and...Ch. 7 - An opera performance is being broadcast by radio....Ch. 7 - Prob. 30ECh. 7 - A nanosecond is 109 s. (a) What is the frequency...Ch. 7 - A radar sends out 0.05-s pulses of microwaves...Ch. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - Prob. 34ECh. 7 - Prob. 35ECh. 7 - Prob. 36ECh. 7 - Can the index of refraction of a substance be less...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38ECh. 7 - When a fish looks up through the water surface at...Ch. 7 - A flashlight at the bottom of a swimming pool...Ch. 7 - Prob. 41ECh. 7 - The olive in a cocktail (n = 1.35) seems to be 30...Ch. 7 - Prob. 43ECh. 7 - Prob. 44ECh. 7 - What is the difference between a real image and a...Ch. 7 - A coin is placed at a focal point of a converging...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47ECh. 7 - Prob. 48ECh. 7 - Prob. 49ECh. 7 - Prob. 50ECh. 7 - Prob. 51ECh. 7 - Prob. 52ECh. 7 - Prob. 53ECh. 7 - The candle of Exercise 53 is 15 cm from the lens....Ch. 7 - Prob. 55ECh. 7 - Prob. 56ECh. 7 - Prob. 57ECh. 7 - Prob. 58ECh. 7 - (a) What is the name of the defect of vision in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60ECh. 7 - When white light is dispersed by a glass prism,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 62ECh. 7 - Prob. 63ECh. 7 - If the earth had no atmosphere, what would the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 65ECh. 7 - Prob. 66ECh. 7 - Prob. 67ECh. 7 - Prob. 68ECh. 7 - Radio waves are able to diffract readily around...Ch. 7 - A radar operating at a wavelength of 3 cm is to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 71ECh. 7 - At night the pupils of a certain womans eyes are 8...
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- Unpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a sheet of glass with index of refraction n. The reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. Find the angle of incidence. This angle is called Brewsters angle or the polarizing angle. In this situation, the reflected light is linearly polarized, with its electric field restricted to be perpendicular to the plane containing the rays and the normal.arrow_forwardA ray of light enters a liquid from air. If the angle between the incident and refracted rays is 150 and the angle between the reflected and refracted rays is 60, find the refractive index of the liquid. Assume the refractive index of air is 1.00.arrow_forwardThe speed of light in air is approximately v=3.00108 m/s and the speed of light in glass is v=2.00108 m/s . A red laser with a wavelength of =633.00 nm shines light incident of the glass, and some of the red light is transmitted to the glass. The frequency of the light is the same for the air and the glass. (a) What is the frequency of the light? (b) What is the wavelength of the light in the glass?arrow_forward
- A linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50 cm is directed along the positive x axis. The electric field vector has a maximum value of 175 V/m and vibrates in the xy plane. Assuming the magnetic field component of the wave can be written in the form B = Bmax sin (kx t), give values for (a) Bmax, (b) k, and (c) . (d) Determine in which plane the magnetic field vector vibrates. (e) Calculate the average value of the Poynting vector for this wave. (f) If this wave were directed at normal incidence onto a perfectly reflecting sheet, what radiation pressure would it exert? (g) What acceleration would be imparted to a 500-g sheet (perfectly reflecting and at normal incidence) with dimensions of 1.00 m 0.750 m?arrow_forwardAn unpolarized beam of light is incident on a stack of ideal polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is perpendicular to the axis of the last filter in the stack. Find the fraction by which the transmitted beams intensity is reduced in the three following cases. (a) Three filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 45.0 relative to the preceding filter. (b) Four filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 30.0 relative to the preceding filter. (c) Seven filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 15.0 relative to the preceding filter. (d) Comment on comparing the answers to parts (a), (b), and (c).arrow_forwardWhat happens to a light wave when it travels from air into glass? (a) Its speed remains the same. (b) Its speed increases. (c) Its wavelength increases. (d) Its wavelength remains the same. (e) Its frequency remains the same.arrow_forward
- What angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to cut its intensity in half?arrow_forwardThe index of refraction for water is about 43. What happens as a beam of light travels from air into water? (a) Its speed increases to 43c, and its frequency decreases. (b) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength decreases by a factor of 34. (c) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength increases by a factor of 43. (d) Its speed and frequency remain the same. (e) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its frequency increases.arrow_forwardLight traveling in a medium of index of refraction n1 is incident on another medium having an index of refraction n2. Under which of the following conditions can total internal reflection occur at the interface of the two media? (a) The indices of refraction have the relation n2 n1. (b) The indices of refraction have the relation n1 n2. (c) Light travels slower in the second medium than in the first. (d) The angle of incidence is less than the critical angle. (e) The angle of incidence must equal the angle of refraction.arrow_forward
- The Poynting vector describes a flow of energy whenever electric and magnetic fields are present. Consider a long cylindrical wire of radius r with a current I in the wire, with resistance R and voltage V. From the expressions for the electric field along the wire and the magnetic field around the wire, obtain the magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector at the surface. Show that it accounts for an energy flow into the wire from the fields around it that accounts for the Ohmic heating of the wire.arrow_forwardIn Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of the left and right polarizing disks are perpendicular to each other. Also, let the center disk be rotated on the common axis with an angular speed . Show that if unpolarized light is incident on the left disk with an intensity Imax, the intensity of the beam emerging from the right disk is I=116Imax(1cos4t) This result means that the intensity of the emerging beam is modulated at a rate four times the rate of rotation of the center disk. Suggestion: Use the trigonometric identities cos2=12(1+cos2) and sin2=12(1cos2). Figure P37.52arrow_forwardLight passes from a material with index of refraction 1.3 into one with index of refraction 1.2. Compared with the incident ray, what happens to the refracted ray? (a) It bends toward the normal. (b) It is undeflected. (c) It bends away from the normal.arrow_forward
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