Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321981226
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1CC
Name the membrane transport process by which glucose moves from the extracellular fluid into cells.
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To determine: The name of membrane transport process that is involved in the transport of glucose from extracellular fluid to cells.
Introduction: Transportation of substance is essential to maintain the metabolic process in the body. Transport of materials can take place along the concentration gradient, which is called as a passive process. The transport of materials can also take place against the concentration gradient, which is called as an active process.
Explanation of Solution
The name of membrane transport process that is involved in the movement of glucose from extracellular fluid to the cells is glucose transporter (GLUT). GLUT transporter is the facilitated membrane transport protein. It is a type of uniporter, which facilitates the transport of glucose in one direction only. There are seven isoforms of GLUT transporter in the human body. GLUT-1 is the most common isoform, which is involved in the transport of glucose.
GLUT transporter consists of 10 membrane spanning helices. In this, both amino and carboxyl-terminals are exposed to the plasma membrane. When glucose concentration is higher, the transport of glucose takes place along the concentration gradient. However, when the concentration of glucose decreases, the transport of glucose takes place against the concentration gradient.
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Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (7th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Name the membrane transport process by which...Ch. 7 - What is the suffix in a chemical name that tells...Ch. 7 - What is the classic definition of a hormone?Ch. 7 - Based on what you know about the organelles...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5CCCh. 7 - The steroid hormone aldosterone has a short...Ch. 7 - In the blood glucose example, the increase in...Ch. 7 - Which insulin release pathway in Figure 7.7b is a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9CCCh. 7 - Catecholamines belong to which chemical class of...
Ch. 7 - What intracellular structure is used for transport...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12CCCh. 7 - Match the general reflex pathway patterns shown in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14CCCh. 7 - The study of hormones is called _____.Ch. 7 - List the three basic ways hormones act on their...Ch. 7 - List five endocrine glands, and name one hormone...Ch. 7 - Match the following researchers with their...Ch. 7 - Put the following steps for identifying an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6RQCh. 7 - Prob. 7RQCh. 7 - Prob. 8RQCh. 7 - Prob. 9RQCh. 7 - Prob. 10RQCh. 7 - Prob. 11RQCh. 7 - Why do steroid hormones usually take so much...Ch. 7 - Prob. 13RQCh. 7 - Prob. 14RQCh. 7 - Prob. 15RQCh. 7 - Prob. 16RQCh. 7 - In reflex control pathways involving trophic...Ch. 7 - What characteristic defines neurohormones?Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RQCh. 7 - Prob. 20RQCh. 7 - Prob. 21RQCh. 7 - Prob. 22RQCh. 7 - Prob. 23RQCh. 7 - Prob. 24RQCh. 7 - Compare and contrast the three chemical classes of...Ch. 7 - Map the following groups of terms. Add terms if...Ch. 7 - The terms specificity, receptors, and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 28RQCh. 7 - Some early experiments for male birth control...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30RQCh. 7 - The following graph shows plasma TSH concentration...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32RQ
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- Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestinearrow_forward(b) The GLUT system is highly selective for glucose. It also speeds up the rate of glucose transport across the membrane by as much as 100-fold when compared to the passive diffusion of glucose across a bilayer in the absence of any transport system. While impressive, this rate of transport is much slower than purely diffusion limited rate of movement (ie. the fastest a molecule can move by diffusion). Given this fact, on the blank plot below draw the expected relationship between the rate of GLUT-mediated transport and increasing [glucose]? Use the space below the graph to explain your answer. fast Transport Rate slow low [glucose] high (c) Next, use a dashed line on the same plot above to draw the shape of the curve when the amount of GLUT transporters in the membrane is cut in half. Briefly explain your answer in the space provided below the graph.arrow_forwardGlucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? exоcytosis simple diffusion O phagocytosis facilitated diffusion active transport pumpsarrow_forward
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