Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169804
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 15E
Which Of the following statements about graded potentials is false?
- The magnitude of a graded potential varies with the strength of the stimulus.
- Some graded potentials are hyperpolarizations; others are depolarizations.
- Graded potentials are produced at ligand-gated ion channels.
- Graded potentials can sum over space and time.
- Graded potentials are limited in duration by the refractory period.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is FALSE for graded potentials?
They form in dendrites and cell bodies.
They can be generated by the opening of chemical or mechanically gated ion channels.
They increase in amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point.
Can be either inhibitory or excitatory.
Compared to an action potential, a graded potential
is weak and depending on the stimulus strength will dissipate away from the
stimulus.
O is weak and depending on the stimulus strength will maintain its strength as it
travels.
O is all-or-none, and maintains it strength as it travels.
O is all-or-none but weakens as it travels.
Which of the following describe(s) the difference(s) between an EPSP and an IPSP? Select all that apply.
An EPSP is actively reproduced as it travels along the axon, whereas an IPSP is a graded potential that decreases in strength with time and distance.
An EPSP moves the cell closer to threshold, whereas an IPSP moves the cell away from threshold.
An EPSP results from the movement of Cl- ions into the cell, whereas an IPSP results from movement of Na+ ions into the cell.
An EPSP is a result of depolarization of the cell membrane, whereas an IPSP is a result of hyperpolarization of the membrane.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 7.2 -
Name the different parts, divisions, and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7.1.2QCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.1.3QCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.2.1QCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.2.2QCCh. 7.3 - If channels that permitted both sodium ions and...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.3.1QC
Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.3.2QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.3.3QCCh. 7.4 - During the depolarization of an action potential,...Ch. 7.4 - Compare the gating mechanisms of the voltage-gated...Ch. 7.4 - During which phase of an action potential are the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.1QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.2QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5.3QCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1aCTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2aCTQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3aCTQCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.6.1QCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.6.2QCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.6.3QCCh. 7 - Prob. 1ECh. 7 - Neurotransmitters are released most commonly from...Ch. 7 - If a cation is equally distributed across the cell...Ch. 7 -
The depolarization phase of an action potential...Ch. 7 - During the relative refractory period, a second...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - If the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - Prob. 10ECh. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 - Prob. 12ECh. 7 - Prob. 13ECh. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Which Of the following statements about graded...Ch. 7 -
What are the subdivisions of the peripheral...Ch. 7 -
Information from the periphery is brought to the...Ch. 7 -
Which cell type is more abundant in the nervous...Ch. 7 - Voltage-gated calcium channels are located in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - Prob. 21ECh. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - Prob. 23ECh. 7 - Prob. 24ECh. 7 - The electrochemical force for potassium ions when...Ch. 7 -
Both sodium and potassium channels have...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27ECh. 7 -
In myelinated axons, action potentials are...Ch. 7 -
The Na+ Ka+ pump causes the repolarization phase...Ch. 7 -
When a neuron is at the peak of an action...Ch. 7 - Prob. 31ECh. 7 - Prob. 32ECh. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - Prob. 34ECh. 7 - Prob. 35ECh. 7 -
Muscle cells, like neurons, are excitable cells...Ch. 7 - Prob. 37ECh. 7 - Prob. 38ECh. 7 -
Predict what would happen to the resting...
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- How do we distinguish a strong stimulus from a weak one when the information about both stimuli is relayed by action potentials that are all the same amplitude?arrow_forwardIf the response to a stimulus is a change from a negative potential to a less negative potential, the change is called: stimulus response Repolarization Depolarization Stimulus recoveryarrow_forwarddescribe how the membrane potential varies over time AND distance as a graded potential move across the cell body of a neuron. Describe the movement of ions within the cell body as the graded potential moves away from the stimulusarrow_forward
- Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye convert visible light into signals. They have special ion channels that are open to Na+ only in the dark. Visible light activation results in a change in membrane potential, as photons lead to closure of Na+ channels. Which of the following can you conclude? Select all that apply. Photoreceptor membrane potential does not change in response to light The photoreceptor cell is depolarized in the dark The photoreceptor cells is depolarized with light Photoreceptor cells hyperpolarize to lightarrow_forwardFigure Ql shows the typical electrical recording of movement artifacts during the resting potential and also the action potential when an adequate stimulus is delivered. Potential overshoot (, > 0) Movement artifact Action potential -80 Stimulus artifact Resting potential Figure Ql In your own words, discuss the phenomena occur during the resting state and active state until the equilibrium potential is established. (a) Membrane potential (m), mVarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true regarding the changes that occur during an action potential. Check All That Apply When stimulus is sufficient to cause the threshold potential to be reached, the area stimulated opens its voltage-gated sodium channels.When stimulus is sufficient to cause the threshold potential to be reached, the area stimulated opens its voltage-gated sodium channels. After threshold is reached, the sodium ions move into the cell via the Na+/K+ pump, the inside of the cell becomes momentarily positive.After threshold is reached, the sodium ions move into the cell via the Na+/K+ pump, the inside of the cell becomes momentarily positive. At almost the same time as Na+ channels are closing, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing an increased movement of potassium ions out of the cellAt almost the same time as Na+ channels are closing, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing an increased movement of potassium ions out of the cell The…arrow_forward
- Which of the following stimuli (s) produces only a local potential and no action potential? Group of answer options Maximum stimuli Threshold stimuli Below the threshold (subthreshold) Supramaximal stimuliarrow_forwardGraded (Local) Potentials All or none Do not reach threshold Change in RMP Size depends on size of stimulus Chemically or mechanically gated channels Decreases in intensity Found in axon Found in dendrites Involve gated channels Involve K+ diffusion Involve Na+ diffusion Self-propagating Has a threshold Action Potentials Voltage gated channels Local signaling Long distance signalingarrow_forwardThe "All or None" response means that: A stimulus causes depolarization and repolarization regardless of the strength of the stimulus There is no threshold for an electrical stimulus signal to reach before depolarization and repolarization O Potassium channels open for depolarization and sodium channels open for repolarization A stimulus has to be strong enough for depolarization to occur followed by repolarizationarrow_forward
- Action potential frequency in phasic receptors with a prolonged stimulus action potential frequency in tonic receptars with a prolonged stimulus. Greater than Less than Equal toarrow_forwardIn the laboratory, researchers can apply an electrical stimulus at any point along the axon, making action potentials travel in both directions from the point of stimulation. An action potential moving in the usual direction, away from the axon hillock, is said to be traveling in the orthodromic direction. An action potential traveling toward the axon hillock is traveling in the antidromic direction. If we started an orthodromic action potential at the axon hillock and an antidromic action potential at the opposite end of the axon, what would happen when they met at the center? Why?arrow_forwardYou have a photoreceptor cell in a dish. You are recording its membrane potential while flashing different intensities of light. Which of the following would you observe? Group of answer choices The cell hyperpolarizes, with brighter light causing more hyperpolarization than dimmer lights The cell depolarizes, with brighter light causing more depolarization than dimmer lights If the light is bright enough to reach threshold, it will fire an action potential No change in membrane potential will be observedarrow_forward
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