(a)
Interpretation:
The
pH definition:
The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using
The
On rearranging, the concentration of hydrogen ion
(a)
Answer to Problem 6D.6E
The
Explanation of Solution
Pyridine is a weak base when it is dissolved in water it ionized as positive and negative ions and it is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.082 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.082-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values are obtained in the above table and is substituted in above equation and is given below.
Pyridine
Now, the
Therefore, the calculated
The general equilibrium expression to find out the pH of the solution is given below,
Therefore, the calculated
The percentage deprotonation is calculated using the concentration of hydronium ion divided by the initial concentration of lactic acid and the respective equation is given below.
Concentration of
Initial concentration of
Substitute the obtained values in above equation
Therefore, the percentage deprotonation of 0.082 M aqueous pyridine is 0.015%
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)
Answer to Problem 6D.6E
The
Explanation of Solution
Hydroxylamine is a weak base when it is dissolved in water it ionized as positive and negative ions and it is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.0103 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.0103-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values are obtained in the above table and is substituted in above equation and is given below.
Nicotine
Now, the
Therefore, the calculated
The general equilibrium expression to find out the pH of the solution is given below,
Therefore, the calculated
The percentage deprotonation is calculated using the concentration of hydronium ion divided by the initial concentration of lactic acid and the respective equation is given below.
Concentration of
Initial concentration of
Substitute the obtained values in above equation
Therefore, the percentage deprotonation of 0.0103 M aqueous nicotine is 1.03%
(c)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Answer to Problem 6D.6E
The
Explanation of Solution
Quinine is a weak base when it is dissolved in water it ionized as positive and negative ions and it is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.060 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.060-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values are obtained in the above table and is substituted in above equation and is given below.
The
Therefore, the
The
Hence, the
The concentration of hydroxide ion is calculated using the given formula as,
The obtained quinine
Therefore, the concentration of
Now, the
Therefore, the calculated
The general equilibrium expression to find out the pH of the solution is given below,
Therefore, the calculated
The percentage deprotonation is calculated using the concentration of hydronium ion divided by the initial concentration of lactic acid and the respective equation is given below.
Concentration of
Initial concentration of
Substitute the obtained values in above equation
Therefore, the percentage deprotonation of 0.060 M aqueous quinine is 0.743%
(d)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Answer to Problem 6D.6E
The
Explanation of Solution
If strychnine is dissolved in water it ionized as positive and negative ions and it is given below.
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Initial concentration | 0.045 | 0 | 0 |
Change in concentration | -x | +x | +x |
Equilibrium concentration | 0.045-x | x | x |
The equilibrium concentration values are obtained in the above table and is substituted in above equation and is given below.
Strychnine
Hence, the
The concentration of hydroxide ion is calculated using the given formula as,
The obtained quinine
Therefore, the concentration of
Now, the
Therefore, the calculated
The general equilibrium expression to find out the pH of the solution is given below,
Therefore, the calculated
The percentage deprotonation is calculated using the concentration of hydronium ion divided by the initial concentration of lactic acid and the respective equation is given below.
Concentration of
Initial concentration of
Substitute the obtained values in above equation
Therefore, the percentage deprotonation of 0.045 M aqueous codeine is 0.636%
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Chapter 6 Solutions
CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES PKG W/SAPLING
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