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Table 5D.1 Acidity and basicity constants* at 298.15 K Acid/Base pk, K, pk, Strongest weak acids 3.3 x 10-14 Trichloroethanoic acid (trichloroacetic acid), CCI,COOH 13.48 3.0 x 10-1 0.52 Benzenesulfonic acid, C3H§SO3H 5.0 x 10-14 13.30 2 x 10-1 0.70 lodic acid, HIO, 5.9 x 10-14 13.23 1.7 x 10-1 0.77 1.6 x 10-2 1.0 x 10-2 Sulfurous acid, H,SO3 6.3 x 10-13 12.19 1.81 Weakest weak bases Chlorous acid, HCIO2 1.0 x 10-12 12.00 2.00 Urea, CO(NH,), 1.3 x 10-14 13.90 7.7 x 10-1 0.10 Phosphoric acid, H;PO4 1.3 x 10-12 11.88 7.6 x 10-3 2.12 Aniline, C,H;NH2 Pyridine, C,H,N 4.3 x 10-10 9.37 2.3 x 10-5 4.63 Chloroethanoic acid (chloroacetic acid), CH,CICOOH Lactic acid, CH,CH(OH)COOH Nitrous acid, HNO, 7.1 x 10-12 11.15 1.4 x 10-3 2.85 1.8 x 10-9 8.75 5.6 x 10-6 5.35 Hydroxylamine, NH,OH 1.1 x 10-8 7.97 9.1 x 10-7 6.03 1.2 x 10-11 10.92 8.4 x 104 3.08 Nicotine, C10H,N2 1.0 x 106 5.98 1.0 x 10-8 8.02 - 2.3 x 10-11 10.63 4.3 x 104 3.37 Morphine, C1,H19OSN 1.6 x 10-6 5.79 6.3 x 10-9 8.21 Hydrofluoric acid, HF 2.9 x 10-11 10.55 3.5 x 104 3.45 Hydrazine, NH,NH, 1.7 x 10-6 5.77 5.9 x 10-9 8.23 Methanoic acid (formic acid), HCOOH 5.6 x 10-11 10.25 1.8 x 104 3.75 Ammonia, NH3 1.8 x 10-5 4.75 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 Benzoic acid, C,H,COOH 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 6.5x 104 4.19 Trimethylamine, (CH);N 6.5 x 10-5 4.19 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 Ethanoic acid (acetic acid), CH,COOH Carbonic acid, H,CO, 5.6 x 104 4.3 x 10-7 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 4.75 Methylamine, CH;NH2 Dimethylamine, (CH,),NH Ethylamine, C,H;NH, 3.6 x 104 3.44 2.8x 10-1 10.56 2.3x 10-8 7.63 6.37 5.4 x 104 3.27 1.9 x 10-11 10.73 Hypochlorous acid, HCIO Hypobromous acid, HBRO Boric acid, B(OH), 3.3 x 10-7 6.47 3.0 x 10-8 7.53 6.5 x 104 3.19 1.5 x 10-11 10.81 5.0 x 106 5.31 2.0 x 10-9 8.69 Triethylamine, (C,H;);N 1.0 x 10-9 2.99 1.0 x 10-11 11.01 1.4 x 10-5 4.86 7.2 x 10-10 9.14 Strongest weak bases Hydrocyanic acid, HCN Phenol, CgH;OH 2.0x 10-5 4.69 4.9 x 10-10 9.31 7.7 x 10-5 4.11 1.3 x 10-10 9.89 Hypoiodous acid, HIO 4.3 x 104 3.36 2.3 x 10-11 10.64 *Values for polyprotic acids-those capable of donating more than one proton-refer to the first deprotonation. The proton transfer equilibrium is B(OH),(aq) + 2 H,0(1)= H,O*(aq) + B(OH), (aq). Weakest weak acids

Table 5D.1 Acidity and basicity constants* at 298.15 K Acid/Base pk, K, pk, Strongest weak acids 3.3 x 10-14 Trichloroethanoic acid (trichloroacetic acid), CCI,COOH 13.48 3.0 x 10-1 0.52 Benzenesulfonic acid, C3H§SO3H 5.0 x 10-14 13.30 2 x 10-1 0.70 lodic acid, HIO, 5.9 x 10-14 13.23 1.7 x 10-1 0.77 1.6 x 10-2 1.0 x 10-2 Sulfurous acid, H,SO3 6.3 x 10-13 12.19 1.81 Weakest weak bases Chlorous acid, HCIO2 1.0 x 10-12 12.00 2.00 Urea, CO(NH,), 1.3 x 10-14 13.90 7.7 x 10-1 0.10 Phosphoric acid, H;PO4 1.3 x 10-12 11.88 7.6 x 10-3 2.12 Aniline, C,H;NH2 Pyridine, C,H,N 4.3 x 10-10 9.37 2.3 x 10-5 4.63 Chloroethanoic acid (chloroacetic acid), CH,CICOOH Lactic acid, CH,CH(OH)COOH Nitrous acid, HNO, 7.1 x 10-12 11.15 1.4 x 10-3 2.85 1.8 x 10-9 8.75 5.6 x 10-6 5.35 Hydroxylamine, NH,OH 1.1 x 10-8 7.97 9.1 x 10-7 6.03 1.2 x 10-11 10.92 8.4 x 104 3.08 Nicotine, C10H,N2 1.0 x 106 5.98 1.0 x 10-8 8.02 - 2.3 x 10-11 10.63 4.3 x 104 3.37 Morphine, C1,H19OSN 1.6 x 10-6 5.79 6.3 x 10-9 8.21 Hydrofluoric acid, HF 2.9 x 10-11 10.55 3.5 x 104 3.45 Hydrazine, NH,NH, 1.7 x 10-6 5.77 5.9 x 10-9 8.23 Methanoic acid (formic acid), HCOOH 5.6 x 10-11 10.25 1.8 x 104 3.75 Ammonia, NH3 1.8 x 10-5 4.75 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 Benzoic acid, C,H,COOH 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 6.5x 104 4.19 Trimethylamine, (CH);N 6.5 x 10-5 4.19 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 Ethanoic acid (acetic acid), CH,COOH Carbonic acid, H,CO, 5.6 x 104 4.3 x 10-7 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 4.75 Methylamine, CH;NH2 Dimethylamine, (CH,),NH Ethylamine, C,H;NH, 3.6 x 104 3.44 2.8x 10-1 10.56 2.3x 10-8 7.63 6.37 5.4 x 104 3.27 1.9 x 10-11 10.73 Hypochlorous acid, HCIO Hypobromous acid, HBRO Boric acid, B(OH), 3.3 x 10-7 6.47 3.0 x 10-8 7.53 6.5 x 104 3.19 1.5 x 10-11 10.81 5.0 x 106 5.31 2.0 x 10-9 8.69 Triethylamine, (C,H;);N 1.0 x 10-9 2.99 1.0 x 10-11 11.01 1.4 x 10-5 4.86 7.2 x 10-10 9.14 Strongest weak bases Hydrocyanic acid, HCN Phenol, CgH;OH 2.0x 10-5 4.69 4.9 x 10-10 9.31 7.7 x 10-5 4.11 1.3 x 10-10 9.89 Hypoiodous acid, HIO 4.3 x 104 3.36 2.3 x 10-11 10.64 *Values for polyprotic acids-those capable of donating more than one proton-refer to the first deprotonation. The proton transfer equilibrium is B(OH),(aq) + 2 H,0(1)= H,O*(aq) + B(OH), (aq). Weakest weak acids

Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Chapter14: Acids And Bases
Section14.6: Molecular Structure And Acid Strength
Problem 14.14CE
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Calculate the pH, pOH, and fraction of solute protonated or deprotonated in the following aqueous solutions: (a) 0.150 M CH3CH(OH)COOH(aq) (lactic acid), (b) 2.4 x 10-4 M CH3CH(OH)COOH(aq), (c) 0.25 M C6H5SO3H(aq) (benzenesulfonic acid). The appropriate values for pKa or pKb are given in
the table.

Table 5D.1 Acidity and basicity constants* at 298.15 K Acid/Base pk, K, pk, Strongest weak acids 3.3 x 10-14 Trichloroethanoic acid (trichloroacetic acid), CCI,COOH 13.48 3.0 x 10-1 0.52 Benzenesulfonic acid, C3H§SO3H 5.0 x 10-14 13.30 2 x 10-1 0.70 lodic acid, HIO, 5.9 x 10-14 13.23 1.7 x 10-1 0.77 1.6 x 10-2 1.0 x 10-2 Sulfurous acid, H,SO3 6.3 x 10-13 12.19 1.81 Weakest weak bases Chlorous acid, HCIO2 1.0 x 10-12 12.00 2.00 Urea, CO(NH,), 1.3 x 10-14 13.90 7.7 x 10-1 0.10 Phosphoric acid, H;PO4 1.3 x 10-12 11.88 7.6 x 10-3 2.12 Aniline, C,H;NH2 Pyridine, C,H,N 4.3 x 10-10 9.37 2.3 x 10-5 4.63 Chloroethanoic acid (chloroacetic acid), CH,CICOOH Lactic acid, CH,CH(OH)COOH Nitrous acid, HNO, 7.1 x 10-12 11.15 1.4 x 10-3 2.85 1.8 x 10-9 8.75 5.6 x 10-6 5.35 Hydroxylamine, NH,OH 1.1 x 10-8 7.97 9.1 x 10-7 6.03 1.2 x 10-11 10.92 8.4 x 104 3.08 Nicotine, C10H,N2 1.0 x 106 5.98 1.0 x 10-8 8.02 - 2.3 x 10-11 10.63 4.3 x 104 3.37 Morphine, C1,H19OSN 1.6 x 10-6 5.79 6.3 x 10-9 8.21 Hydrofluoric acid, HF 2.9 x 10-11 10.55 3.5 x 104 3.45 Hydrazine, NH,NH, 1.7 x 10-6 5.77 5.9 x 10-9 8.23 Methanoic acid (formic acid), HCOOH 5.6 x 10-11 10.25 1.8 x 104 3.75 Ammonia, NH3 1.8 x 10-5 4.75 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 Benzoic acid, C,H,COOH 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 6.5x 104 4.19 Trimethylamine, (CH);N 6.5 x 10-5 4.19 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 Ethanoic acid (acetic acid), CH,COOH Carbonic acid, H,CO, 5.6 x 104 4.3 x 10-7 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 4.75 Methylamine, CH;NH2 Dimethylamine, (CH,),NH Ethylamine, C,H;NH, 3.6 x 104 3.44 2.8x 10-1 10.56 2.3x 10-8 7.63 6.37 5.4 x 104 3.27 1.9 x 10-11 10.73 Hypochlorous acid, HCIO Hypobromous acid, HBRO Boric acid, B(OH), 3.3 x 10-7 6.47 3.0 x 10-8 7.53 6.5 x 104 3.19 1.5 x 10-11 10.81 5.0 x 106 5.31 2.0 x 10-9 8.69 Triethylamine, (C,H;);N 1.0 x 10-9 2.99 1.0 x 10-11 11.01 1.4 x 10-5 4.86 7.2 x 10-10 9.14 Strongest weak bases Hydrocyanic acid, HCN Phenol, CgH;OH 2.0x 10-5 4.69 4.9 x 10-10 9.31 7.7 x 10-5 4.11 1.3 x 10-10 9.89 Hypoiodous acid, HIO 4.3 x 104 3.36 2.3 x 10-11 10.64 *Values for polyprotic acids-those capable of donating more than one proton-refer to the first deprotonation. The proton transfer equilibrium is B(OH),(aq) + 2 H,0(1)= H,O*(aq) + B(OH), (aq). Weakest weak acids
Transcribed Image Text:Table 5D.1 Acidity and basicity constants* at 298.15 K Acid/Base pk, K, pk, Strongest weak acids 3.3 x 10-14 Trichloroethanoic acid (trichloroacetic acid), CCI,COOH 13.48 3.0 x 10-1 0.52 Benzenesulfonic acid, C3H§SO3H 5.0 x 10-14 13.30 2 x 10-1 0.70 lodic acid, HIO, 5.9 x 10-14 13.23 1.7 x 10-1 0.77 1.6 x 10-2 1.0 x 10-2 Sulfurous acid, H,SO3 6.3 x 10-13 12.19 1.81 Weakest weak bases Chlorous acid, HCIO2 1.0 x 10-12 12.00 2.00 Urea, CO(NH,), 1.3 x 10-14 13.90 7.7 x 10-1 0.10 Phosphoric acid, H;PO4 1.3 x 10-12 11.88 7.6 x 10-3 2.12 Aniline, C,H;NH2 Pyridine, C,H,N 4.3 x 10-10 9.37 2.3 x 10-5 4.63 Chloroethanoic acid (chloroacetic acid), CH,CICOOH Lactic acid, CH,CH(OH)COOH Nitrous acid, HNO, 7.1 x 10-12 11.15 1.4 x 10-3 2.85 1.8 x 10-9 8.75 5.6 x 10-6 5.35 Hydroxylamine, NH,OH 1.1 x 10-8 7.97 9.1 x 10-7 6.03 1.2 x 10-11 10.92 8.4 x 104 3.08 Nicotine, C10H,N2 1.0 x 106 5.98 1.0 x 10-8 8.02 - 2.3 x 10-11 10.63 4.3 x 104 3.37 Morphine, C1,H19OSN 1.6 x 10-6 5.79 6.3 x 10-9 8.21 Hydrofluoric acid, HF 2.9 x 10-11 10.55 3.5 x 104 3.45 Hydrazine, NH,NH, 1.7 x 10-6 5.77 5.9 x 10-9 8.23 Methanoic acid (formic acid), HCOOH 5.6 x 10-11 10.25 1.8 x 104 3.75 Ammonia, NH3 1.8 x 10-5 4.75 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 Benzoic acid, C,H,COOH 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 6.5x 104 4.19 Trimethylamine, (CH);N 6.5 x 10-5 4.19 1.5 x 10-10 9.81 Ethanoic acid (acetic acid), CH,COOH Carbonic acid, H,CO, 5.6 x 104 4.3 x 10-7 5.6 x 10-10 9.25 4.75 Methylamine, CH;NH2 Dimethylamine, (CH,),NH Ethylamine, C,H;NH, 3.6 x 104 3.44 2.8x 10-1 10.56 2.3x 10-8 7.63 6.37 5.4 x 104 3.27 1.9 x 10-11 10.73 Hypochlorous acid, HCIO Hypobromous acid, HBRO Boric acid, B(OH), 3.3 x 10-7 6.47 3.0 x 10-8 7.53 6.5 x 104 3.19 1.5 x 10-11 10.81 5.0 x 106 5.31 2.0 x 10-9 8.69 Triethylamine, (C,H;);N 1.0 x 10-9 2.99 1.0 x 10-11 11.01 1.4 x 10-5 4.86 7.2 x 10-10 9.14 Strongest weak bases Hydrocyanic acid, HCN Phenol, CgH;OH 2.0x 10-5 4.69 4.9 x 10-10 9.31 7.7 x 10-5 4.11 1.3 x 10-10 9.89 Hypoiodous acid, HIO 4.3 x 104 3.36 2.3 x 10-11 10.64 *Values for polyprotic acids-those capable of donating more than one proton-refer to the first deprotonation. The proton transfer equilibrium is B(OH),(aq) + 2 H,0(1)= H,O*(aq) + B(OH), (aq). Weakest weak acids
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