Chapter 6, Problem 6.19QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given bonds should be classified as ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent.

Concept introduction:

• Ionic compound: Ionic compounds are those which consist of charged ions. These have opposite charges
• Covalent compounds: covalent compounds are non-metals which are bound together and consist of two electrons that are shared between two atoms.
• Electronegativity can be defined as the ability of an atom in a compound to attract the shared pair of electron towards itself.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, the greater the ionic character.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, lesser the covalent character
• The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.19QP

The bond is non polar covalent

Explanation of Solution

The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

So it is needed to find the electronegativity difference for the given each bonds and it should be mentioned the types of by looking the electronegativity difference range for each bond.

$\text{Si-Si}$

Electronegativity of silicon is 1.9

Here the bond is between two silicon atoms

Electronegativity difference $=\text{ 1}\text{.9}-1.9=\text{ 0}$

So, the given bond is non polar covalent

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given bonds should be classified as ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent.

Concept introduction:

• Ionic compound: Ionic compounds are those which consist of charged ions. These have opposite charges
• Covalent compounds: covalent compounds are non-metals which are bound together and consist of two electrons that are shared between two atoms.
• Electronegativity can be defined as the ability of an atom in a compound to attract the shared pair of electron towards itself.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, the greater the ionic character.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, lesser the covalent character
• The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.19QP

The bond is polar covalent

Explanation of Solution

The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

So it is needed to find the electronegativity difference for the given each bonds and it should be mentioned the types of by looking the electronegativity difference range for each bond.

$\text{Si-Cl}$

Electronegativity of silicon is 1.9

Electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16

Electronegativity difference = $3.16-\text{ 1}\text{.9}=1.26$

So, the given bond is polar covalent

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given bonds should be classified as ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent.

Concept introduction:

• Ionic compound: Ionic compounds are those which consist of charged ions. These have opposite charges
• Covalent compounds: covalent compounds are non-metals which are bound together and consist of two electrons that are shared between two atoms.
• Electronegativity can be defined as the ability of an atom in a compound to attract the shared pair of electron towards itself.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, the greater the ionic character.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, lesser the covalent character
• The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.19QP

The bond is ionic.

Explanation of Solution

The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

So it is needed to find the electronegativity difference for the given each bonds and it should be mentioned the types of by looking the electronegativity difference range for each bond.

$\text{Ca-F}$

Electronegativity of calcium is 1

Electronegativity of fluorine is 3.9

Electronegativity difference=$3.9-1=2.9$

So, the given bond is ionic.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given bonds should be classified as ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent.

Concept introduction:

• Ionic compound: Ionic compounds are those which consist of charged ions. These have opposite charges
• Covalent compounds: covalent compounds are non-metals which are bound together and consist of two electrons that are shared between two atoms.
• Electronegativity can be defined as the ability of an atom in a compound to attract the shared pair of electron towards itself.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, the greater the ionic character.
• The larger the electronegativity difference, lesser the covalent character
• The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 6.19QP

The bond ispolar covalent

Explanation of Solution

The electronegativity difference range is used to find whether the given bond is ionic, non-polar covalent and polar covalent. That is,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Electronegativity}\text{differnece}\text{Types}\text{of bond}\\ \text{0 to 0}\text{.4}\text{Non- polar covalent}\\ \text{0}\text{.4 to 1}\text{.7}\text{Polar}\text{covalent}\\ \text{1}\text{.7 to }\mathrm{...}\text{Ionic}\text{bond}\end{array}$

So it is needed to find the electronegativity difference for the given each bonds and it should be mentioned the types of by looking the electronegativity difference range for each bond.

$\text{N-H}$

Electronegativity of nitrogen is 3.04

Electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.2

Electronegativity difference = $3.04-2.2=0.84$

So, the given bond is polar covalent.