Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 20QP
Summary Introduction
To describe: The theory that deals with embryo-uterus interaction and explains the relationships between advanced maternal age and increased frequency of aneuploid offsprings.
Introduction: Aneuploidy is the condition where an individual has an extra chromosome or less in their ploidy. Humans have 46 chromosomes, which are present in pairs of two. This increase or decrease in chromosomal number leads to severe genetic abnormalities.
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The change of successful fertilization is approximately 18% in every cycle. Why does this statistic seem so low?
All of the following statements provide a reason as to why the chance of fertilization is 18% every ovarian cycle EXEPT
Select one:
A. Some Sperm cells are not very motile, while others are formed without a tail.
B. If more than one sperm fertilizes an egg, multiple embryos can result.
C. Vagina is very acidic, killing many sperm.
D. There two fallopian tubes and two ovaries, but only one of them releases an ovum every cycle.
The chance of successful fertilization is approximately 18% in every cycle. Why does this statistic seem so low? All of the following statements provide a reason as to why the chance of fertilization is only 18% for every ovarian cycle EXCEPT
Select one:
a. Some sperm cells are not very motile, while others are formed without a tail.
b. There are two Fallopian tubes and two ovaries, but only one of them releases an ovum every cycle.
c. If more than one sperm fertilize an egg, multiple embryos can result.
d. The vagina is very acidic, killing many sperm cells.
Define external fertilisation. Mention its disadvantages.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6 - Genetics in Practice case studies are...Ch. 6 - Genetics in Practice case studies are...Ch. 6 - Analyzing Karyotypes 1. Originally, karyotypic...Ch. 6 - Given the karyotype shown at right, is this a male...Ch. 6 - A colleague e-mails you saying that she has...Ch. 6 - What are the two most commonly used methods of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 5QPCh. 6 - Discuss the following sets of terms: a. trisomy...Ch. 6 - What chromosomal abnormality can result from...Ch. 6 - Tetraploidy may result from: a. lack of...
Ch. 6 - A cytology student believes he has identified an...Ch. 6 - An individual is found to have some tetraploid...Ch. 6 - A spermatogonial cell undergoes mitosis before...Ch. 6 - A teratogen is an agent that produces nongenetic...Ch. 6 - As a physician, you deliver a baby with protruding...Ch. 6 - Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe...Ch. 6 - A woman gives birth to monozygotic twins. One boy...Ch. 6 - Assume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 17QPCh. 6 - What is the genetic basis and phenotype for each...Ch. 6 - The majority of nondisjunction events leading to...Ch. 6 - Prob. 20QPCh. 6 - If all the nondisjunction events leading to Turner...Ch. 6 - Identify the type of chromosomal aberration...Ch. 6 - Describe the chromosomal alterations and phenotype...Ch. 6 - A geneticist discovers that a girl with Down...Ch. 6 - Albinism is caused by an autosomal recessive...Ch. 6 - Fragile-X syndrome causes the most common form of...
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- It is important to be familiar with the process of sexual differentiation in typically developing embryos and fetuses before determining the causes of atypical development. Define the following terms: Phenotypic sex: Genetic sex: Müllerian duct: Wolffian duct:arrow_forwardThe development of sex and gender is a good example of a developmental cascade because: Group of answer choices Although having an X and a Y chromosome at conception typically leads to the development of testes during prenatal development, this may not lead to typical male genitalia if certain hormones are present later in development Two people may have the same gonads early in prenatal development but end up with different external genitalia and gender identities as a result of differences in the prenatal environment All of the options listed here are correct Having two X chromosomes at conception typically leads to the development of ovaries during prenatal development, which typically leads to high levels of estrogen in puberty, which typically leads to a female gender identity in adulthoodarrow_forwardIdentify and briefly describe two ways in which meiosis increases the genetic variability of the offspring.arrow_forward
- Describe how genetic divergence and reproductiveisolation are related to each other.arrow_forwardThere are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are stages in the ovarian cycle? Select all that apply. The primary oocyte completes meiosis I and divides unequally, forming a secondary oocyte and a polar body. The rupture of the main follicle releases a secondary oocyte coated with secreted protein and follicle cells. The oocyte enlarges and secretes a layer of proteins, and the cells around the oocyte divide repeatedly. A A corpus luteum develops from the follicle cells left behind after ovulation, and this structure breaks down if pregnancy does not occur. A fluid-filled cavity begins to form in the follicle's cell layer surrounding the primary oocyte.arrow_forward
- Explain maternal stunting in detail Provide examplesarrow_forwardDescribe the processes and result of double fertilization.arrow_forwardFertilization is the fusion of haploid gametes, ovum and spermatozoon, to form a diploid zygote. Discuss physiologic mechanisms in the male and the female that make sure that indeed only one sperm fertilizes a single eggarrow_forward
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