The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined. Concept introduction: Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway. Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction . Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction. Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction. Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products. The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is, ΔG 0 = ΔH 0 - TΔS In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes. In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

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Choose the energy diagram below that represents the described reaction. m.mmmu progres of reaction C progress of reaction progrem of reaction progress of reaction D step reaction with two (2) intermediates 1. a reaction progress of reaction 2. a three (3) - 3. has no reaction intermediate 4. a two-step exothermic reaction whose rate- determining step is the first step

Fill in the blanks: Progress of the reaction This is the reaction diagram of reactant A converted to product D (A → D). The reaction has 2 intermediates. It has 3 transition states. The fastest step in the reaction is the conversion of c to d because it has the lowest activat Is the first step of the reaction (exergonic or endergonic?) because is The overall reaction is (exergonic or endergonic?) because Free energy

What is the overall reaction called? Which step in the backward direction releases the most free energy?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 6

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 7

Chapter 5.9, Problem 18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The step has greatest free energy of activation in the forward direction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the first formed intermediate more apt to revert to reactants or go on to form products has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate determining step in the reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.

Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction.

Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.

Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.

Intermediate: It is a molecular entity formed from the reactants and reacts further to give the products.
The mathematical relationship between enthalpy (H) and free energy (G) is,

ΔG0 = ΔH0- TΔS

In an exergonic reaction the products have a lower free energy than it consumes.

In an endergonic reaction the product have a higher free energy than it consumes.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 5.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 5.1 - What is each compounds systematic name?Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 5.4 - a. For which reaction in each set below will S be...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 5.6 - How many different alkenes can be hydrogenated to...Ch. 5.6 - The same alkane is obtained from the catalytic...

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