Concept explainers
To suggest: A possible advantage for many small eggs in the captive-breed environment.
Introduction: The management of nature and biodiversity from the excessive rate of extinction and erosion of biotic interactions is called conservation biology. In situ conservation and ex situ conservation are the two problem-solving approaches of conservation biology that save organisms from extinction. Captive breeding and seed storage of genetically diverse crops are examples of ex situ conservation.
To predict: The reproductive success of captive-bred females released in the wild.
Introduction: The management of nature and biodiversity from the excessive rate of extinction and erosion of biotic interactions is called conservation biology. In situ conservation and ex situ conservation are the two problem-solving approaches of conservation biology that save organisms from extinction. Captive-breeding and seed storage of genetically diverse crops are examples of ex situ conservation.
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Biology (MindTap Course List)
- PREDICT You study males in populations of a certain species of minnows in a series of lakes at different latitudes. You find that they exhibit clinal variation in average weight at maturity and hypothesize that the weight differences are due to genetic factors. What might you predict about the average weights at maturity of representatives of each population reared in aquaria if your hypothesis is correct?arrow_forwardSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Consider how the adaptive value of sea turtle migration has changed if, as a result of human activities, migration now puts sea turtles at greater risk than if they restricted their habitat to a single location. Discuss the possible evolutionary mechanisms by which the behavior of these species may (or may not) adapt to these environmental pressures. What conservation efforts should we take to increase the probability of successful migration?arrow_forwardYou are surveying of the turtle species identifies several breeding populations in different habitats across the island. After a very warm summer of 2020, you observe that the hatchlings from low-elevation nests are mostly males, whereas hatchlings from higher elevations have an equal female-to-male sex ratio. As a bit more background, temperature influences the sex ratio in some turtle species, a phenomenon called temperature-sex determination (TSD). With this knowledge, you hypothesize this new turtle species exhibits TSD, and that eggs incubated at low elevations during the warm year experienced a high enough embryonic temperature to skew the sex ratio. To test this, you collect 20 newly laid eggs in early 2021 & take them back to the lab to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis that this species exhibits TSD. Assume you know the average nest temperature in the wild, and you have access to multiple incubators Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that this turtle…arrow_forward
- The Asian sea bass, a marine fish, changes sex during its lifetime. The sea bass breeds in large groups, with fish of both sexes "broadcast spawning" in the same area -- that is, they expel their gametes into the water rather than pairing off. There does not seem to be any male-male competition for mating rights. Females spawn several times per season and males may fertilize the eggs of multiple females. Do you think that the sea bass are protandrous or protogynous? Explain your answer in terms of the evolutionary advantages of the strategy. Edit View Insert Format Tools Tablearrow_forwardVery few species on Earth are completely r-selected or K-selected. Many species in their natural habitats demonstrate a life strategy that ranges along a continuum between r- and K-selected strategies. Use this information to answer the 3 sub-parts. a) Sea otters are marine mammals that live in northern Pacific coasts. Typical female sea otters reach sexual maturity around 3 or 4 years of age, and they reproduce once a year, producing a single pup.Only female sea otters are tasked with raising the offspring. Mothers constantly take care of their pups until they are 8 months old, but only 25% of the pups survive past the first year. Sea otter fur was highly sought after between the 18th century and the early 20th century. Through conservation efforts, the number of sea otters increased. The current world population is estimated to be between 1 000 and 2 000 individuals, and they are considered to be endangered. Their main food source is sea urchins, molluscs, and crustaceans. Sea…arrow_forwardA scientist for one of the Water Management Districts near Victoria conducts a study of the effects of industrial wastewater on marine clams (animals that are sessile as adults) by comparing the density and reproductive condition of clams collected within 100 m of a discharge pipe with those collected 10 km away. He found very low densities of clams near the pipe and those that were there had very small gonads. You have been hired by the company discharging wastewater via this pipe to explain why these data should not be used to shut you down. What scientific arguments are you going to make to the review board? Hint: don’t talk about study design issues….tell me about what other ecological factors might be at play here.arrow_forward
- Is the following case study an r-strategist or a K-strategist? American toads practice explosive reproduction. During the first warm days in spring, both males and females migrate from forests and converge on ponds. Reproduction is quick, taking only a few days. Females lay hundreds of eggs in jelly-filled sacks along the sides of the pond or stream. As soon as the eggs are laid, males and females abruptly leave the pond. Offspring are left to develop, hatch, and grow on their own, maturing in about three months.arrow_forwardFemale mimicry by males occurs in many species. For example, in the Broadley’s flat lizard (Platysaurus broadleyi), some males have the brown coloration of females while others are far more colorful (Whiting et al. 2009). Female mimics do secure some matings in the territories of their larger, more colorful rivals. Why are the bigger males (and those of the marine isopod Paracerceis sculpta) ever fooled into tolerating a female mimic? Why do female mimics occur in any species if the mating success of these individuals is lower than that of the bigger territorial males? Don't write from any online source..arrow_forwardIn the eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), mothers sometimes take parental favoritism to extreme lengths by killing their sons, but never their daughters (Heinsohn et al. 2011). Sex-specific infanticide occurs more often at nests that can be flooded during the rainy season. Sons spend longer in the nest than daughters. Link this factor to why it might be adaptive for a parent parrot to kill a son in a vulnerable nest occupied by offspring of both sexes. Don't write from any online source..arrow_forward
- Research and find a K-selected species (other than humans), and explain the pressures and resources that impact this strategy. Also explain how your chosen organism works to combat pressures of selection, resource availability, and environmental stressors that impact successful offspring production.arrow_forwardIn seahorses, males incubate and care for offspring. Thus, the males are more likely to be tied up in reproduction at any point in time relative to females. Which sex do you predict will be the choosey sex in this species and why? Males -- because fewer are available to mate Males – because male-male competition is incredibly strong Females – because sperm are cheap to produce Female – because the operational sex ratio is biased in their favor The sperm of chimpanzees have faster swimming speeds than those of gorillas. Based on what you know about sperm competition, what would you predict about differences between these two species in female re-mating frequency and sperm viability? In chimps, females mate only once and sperm are viable for only a day In chimps, females mate multiply and sperm live for a long time In chimps, females mate only one, and sperm live for a long time In chimps, females mate multiply, and sperm live for only a day Which of the following sexual traits is…arrow_forwardAll of the following scenarios are examples of barriers that distinguish separate species. Which is not a post-zygotic barrier? * Two species of ladybugs live in the same habitat. Although they mate at the same time of year, their genitals are physically incompatible. Two species of fish inhabit the same stream. They are capable of mating and producing healthy offspring. The offspring, however, are infertile. Two species of opossums inhabit the same forest. Although they are capable of mating, no offspring ever survive development. Two species of mice coexist in a forest habitat. They are capable of mating and producing offspring. The offspring, however, are frail and die young.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning