BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 56, Problem 4DA
Summary Introduction
To determine: The efficiency of prediction of the number of invading species by knowing the number of species on the plot.
Introduction: Autotrophs are the organisms that require specific types of nutrients like amino acid or any other substrate in the medium as these organisms cannot grow in the absence of such nutrients and cannot synthesize it through any
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Malaria model: The simplest malaria model, known as the Ross-Macdonald (winner of
the 1911 Nobel Price in Health), considers two populations. The population of infected
humans and the population of infected mosquitos. This model is given by:
d.r
тaby(1 - г) —гт
dt
dy
acr(e™" – y) – gy.
dt
where a is erpected number of bites on humans per mosquito, m is equilibrium mosquito
density per human, n is length of incubation period, g is the daily force of mosquito mor-
tality, b is the transmission efficiency from infectious mosquito to susceptible human, c is
the probability of infection of an uninfected mosquito by biting an infectious human, x is
the proportion of infected humans and y is the proportion of infectious mosquitoes.
Determine Ro for this model
Graph Analysis - Predator-Prey Graph
Isle Royale National Park on a remote island was established in 1940, and designated a wilderness area
in 1976. The only mode of transportation available is by boat or seaplane. Moose first arrived at Isle
Royale around 1900. The moose population tends to increase in years with mild winters, early spring
green-up, abundant winter forage, low wolf numbers and low levels of tick infestation. Wolves first arrived
at the island on an ice bridge from Canada in 1940. Disease has also influenced the wolf population.
Between 1980 and 1982, the wolf population declined from 50 to 14, due to canine parvovirus.
Predator Prey on Isle Royale
3000
60
2500
50
2000
40
Number of
1500
30
Moose
Number of
Wolves
1000
20
500
10
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Years
Moose
Wolves
Unit #5: Ecology and Evolution
World’s average ecological footprint = 2.84 gha/person (world total: 20.1 billion gha used/year) World’s biocapacity = 1.73 gha/person (12.2 billion in total) What does this mean?
Under what circumstances might investigators choose to do one type of analysis versus the other (mtDNA vs. Y chromosome DNA)?
Chapter 56 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 56.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 56.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 56.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 56.2 - Describe the different trophic levels.Ch. 56.2 - Distinguish between energy and heat.Ch. 56.2 - Explain how energy moves through trophic levels.Ch. 56.3 - Explain the meaning of trophic cascade.Ch. 56.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 56.4 - Define ecosystem stability.Ch. 56.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 56.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 56.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 56.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 56 - Prob. 1DACh. 56 - Prob. 2DACh. 56 - Prob. 3DACh. 56 - Prob. 4DACh. 56 - Prob. 1IQCh. 56 - Prob. 2IQCh. 56 - Prob. 3IQCh. 56 - Prob. 4IQCh. 56 - Prob. 5IQCh. 56 - Prob. 6IQCh. 56 - Prob. 7IQCh. 56 - Which of the statements about groundwater is NOT...Ch. 56 - Photosynthetic organisms a. fix carbon dioxide. b....Ch. 56 - Prob. 3UCh. 56 - Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient in many...Ch. 56 - Prob. 5UCh. 56 - Prob. 6UCh. 56 - Inverted ecological pyramids of real systems...Ch. 56 - Prob. 8UCh. 56 - Prob. 9UCh. 56 - The equilibrium model of island biogeography...Ch. 56 - Based on results from studies at Hubbard Brook...Ch. 56 - According to the trophic cascade hypothesis, the...Ch. 56 - At Cedar Creek Natural History Area, experimental...Ch. 56 - Given that ectotherms do not utilize a large...Ch. 56 - Given that, in general, energy input is greatest...Ch. 56 - Prob. 3SCh. 56 - Explain several detailed ways in which increasing...
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