Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5.6, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? How can a target cell’s response to a single hormone molecule result in a response that affects a million other molecules?
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The binding of small amounts of hormones to target cell receptors triggers an intricate signal cascade. Why is the signal cascade necessary? Why not just have a simple molecularmechanism between the hormone and cellular effect?
Yellow: Did not have answers from anyone but confident based on notes
Question 1: Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because...?
1. The insulin receptor phosphorylates with a family of substrates inside the cell
2. There are over 20 versions of the insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates
3. The insulin receptor heterodimers with the GH and PRL receptors
4. MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the insulin receptor to different
effector pathways
Question 2: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements?
1. It is not a member of the peptide hormone superfamily
2. It binds to a 1-TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase
3. It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity
4. It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cells
Question 3: Insulin...
1. Is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates
2. Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia
3. Is…
Under in vivo conditions, chronic treatment with a noncompetitive antagonist may lead to the up-regulation of the targeted receptor over time.
True
False
Cytokines are peptides that are generally made in advance by specific types of cells, stored in vesicles, and act as autocrine or paracrine factors.
True
False
Thyroid hormone is stored in an extracellular compartment.
True
False
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 5.1 - Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 5.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2, to cross a lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Why is a transport protein needed to move many...Ch. 5.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 5.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 5.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium caudatum cell swims from...Ch. 5.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of the...
Ch. 5.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 4.7, you learned that...Ch. 5.6 - During an epinephrine-initiated signal in liver...Ch. 5.6 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 5.6 - WHAT IF? How can a target cells response to a...Ch. 5 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell...Ch. 5 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 5 - Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of...Ch. 5 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 5 - Based on Figure 5.17.which of these experimental...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 5 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- WHAT IF? Propose an explanation for why defectsin a particular hormone cascade pathway observed inpatients typically affect the final gland in the pathwayrather than the hypothalamus or pituitary.arrow_forwardPractice question 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their me chanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/structure/organelle by this drug? Drug Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replica tion, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids Drug CH3 HN HN PPPO O N. PPPO O OH OH 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DTTP) 5-deoxyuridine triphosphate (DUTP)arrow_forwardhow should think about this process ? Thyroid hormones generate a response in their target cell by Group of answer choices binding to its surface receptors. by binding to an intracellular receptor and promoting gene expression by binding to a ligand-gated receptor by binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor.arrow_forward
- Practice question 1F) In the above signalling diagram, hormone H binds to both an intracellular and a cell surface receptor. Initially you assume that homone H must therefore be a small hydrophobic molecule. However, further analysis revealed that it is a large hydrophilic molecule. Knowing this, what would you need to add to this diagram to accurately reflect how these signalling events are possible and why? The csRu MRNA and protein are represented in the diagram below. MRNA 5' AUG 3' ribosome protein DNA ligand binding domain signal kinase transmembrane domain domain binding sequence domain cytoplasm plasma membrane extracellular fluidarrow_forwardHi, Can you elaborate about how genetic control of hormone formation can be used to treat endocrinopathies. Thanks in advance.arrow_forwardVisit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hormonebind) to watch an animation of the events that occur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor. What is the secondary messenger made by adenylyl cyclase during the activation of liver cells by epinephrine?arrow_forward
- 7 of 41 Which statement relating to endocrine signaling is false? O Histamine is a paracrine O Hormonal signals enter the bloodstream, so hormones influence all cells with which they come in contact Hormones are released to the extracellular fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream. O Some endocrine cells exist as single cells within a tissue. O Hormones, paracrines, and autocrines bind to receptorsarrow_forwardZOOM Short Answer – Choose 3 questions to answer 1. Which would you expect to have a faster effect: a steroid hormone or a peptide hormone? Explain your answer. 2. Give an example of a hormone that is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Explain what the hormone regulates and what controls the release and inhibition of the hormone. 3. The nervous system and the endocrine system are, of course, different but they have many features in common. List five things that the endocrine system and the nervous system have in common. 4. List 5 factors that can affect red blood cell production and/or the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen? 5. Blood pressure is regulated by baroreceptors, which are located in the aorta and the carotid arteries. In response to signals from these receptors, the cardiac control center of the medulla will send signals to reduce the force of ventricular contractions. Given this sort of control, why do people develop high blood pressure?arrow_forwardFrom the diagram, !shortly! explain how this hormone cascade promotes homeostasis.arrow_forward
- WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a short essay(100–150 words), discuss the role of hormones in an animal’sresponses to changes in its environment. Use specificexamplesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a true statement? A.) steroid and thyroid hormone signaling would be impaired if the plasma level of carrier proteins is not optimal. B.) Steroid and thyroid hormone-receptor complexes form dimers when they bind to the hormone-response elements on DNA C.) Epinephrine uses the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C second messenger systems D.) signaling by a peptide hormone would be impaired if a second messenger system is not functional in the target cell E.) signaling by a steroid hormone would be hindered if the adenylated cyclase second messenger system is not functional in the target cell.arrow_forwardWhat effect will a cAMP inhibitor have on a peptide hormone-mediated signaling pathway? It will prevent the hormone from binding its receptor It will prevent activation of a G-protein It will prevent activation of adenylate cyclase It will prevent activation of protein kinases.arrow_forward
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