Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 53, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The factors that affect and determine the productivity of an ecosystem depend on the temperature, availability of sunlight, water, and nutrients.
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Which of the following rows correctly describes the biotic and abiotic factors that change during each type of succession?
Select one:
a.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Primary
Plant diversity will decrease.
Lava from volcano will harden to produce new land.
b.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Secondary
Soil is still present.
Plant diversity will increase.
c.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Secondary
Plant diversity will increase.
Soil is still present.
d.
Type of Succession
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Primary
Lava from volcano will harden to produce new land.
Plant diversity will decrease.
Primary”succession is succession that:a.involves establishment of primary producers where there were none.b.leads to establishment of a climax community dominated by primaryproducers.c.occurs on newly exposed geologic substrates, not organic soil.d.occurs where organic soils have been exposed but not destroyed bydisturbance.e.occurs after fire or agricultural abandonment.
A) Summarize what the data show concerning the change in productivity and mortality of the Amazon rainforest from 1980 to 2015.
B) What consequences does this have on the global carbon cycle and climate change?
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- Why is regular burning (thru natural fires) an important part of maintaining the health of grasslands and coniferous forests? Identify benefits that are specific to each biome. Also, discuss how suppressing fires could negatively affect each system.arrow_forwardYou are studying primary productivity and biodiversity patterns of an ecosystem. The ecosystem is represented by the climatograph below. The Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is measured to be 5000 grams of carbon per square meter per year, and the Total Respiration (RT) is measured to be 300 grams of carbon per square meter per year. - What kind of biome is this? - Calculate the Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) for this ecosystem - What does the calculated NEP value indicate about the carbon balance and overall productivity of the ecosystem? (one sentence) - Based on both the climatograph and the NEP, what can you say about the biodiversity of plants versus consumers? Choice 1 of 4:plant biodiversity is greater than consumer biodiversity Choice 2 of 4:consumer biodiversity is greater than plant biodiversity Choice 3 of 4:consumer biodiversity is the same as plant biodiversity Choice 4 of 4:lower plant biodiversity compared to consumer biodiversityarrow_forwardDescribe the process of primary succession. How does it differ from secondary succession? Give an example of each.arrow_forward
- Global agricultural land show how much percent of signs of degradation due to current agricultural practices, human activities and environmental conditions? A) 33.67% B) 50.67% C) 66.67% D) 83.67%arrow_forwardGross primary productivity refers to the total a. energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem in a given period of time b. energy captured initially by the producers c. quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of the ecosystem d. quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem in a given period of time e. energy used by the producers for their growth and reproductionarrow_forwardDefine the following and give an example of each:Primary succession - Secondary succession -arrow_forward
- Planetary boundaries that are at critical level Select one or more: a. Biodiversity loss, biogeochemical flows b. Nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, biodiversity loss c. Biodiversity loss, climate change, land-change d. Climate change, carbon sequestration, carbon tradearrow_forwardExplain the tree trap solution for the removal of lanternflies. How will the tree trap solution affect the native species, economy, and/or social impacts? How long do you think it will take to return to the original biodiversity of the first ecosystem based on the tree trap solution and why?arrow_forwardChoose TWO (2) different types of ecosystem, in your surrounding area. The area can be in your yard or in your neighbourhood, which is easily accessible to you. a) the two types of ecosystems that can be identified during the observation b) abiotic and biotic factors in each ecosystem (FOUR examples ofinteractions).arrow_forward
- All of the statements are correct regarding ecological succession EXCEPT Select one: a. there is less competition earlier in the succession process b. it is a random process c. initial pioneer species are plants d. species diversity increases as succession proceedsarrow_forwardPrimary succession is a gradual change in community structure that begins with a ___i___ community and leads towards a ___ii___ community. The statement given above is completed by the information in row ______. Row i ii A pioneer climax B seral pioneer C pioneer seral D seral climaxarrow_forwardWhat are the two key concepts for this section?What major ecological and economic benefits doforests provide? Describe the efforts of scientistsand economists to put a price tag on the majorecosystem services provided by forests and otherecosystems. Distinguish among old-growth(primary) forests, second-growth forests,and tree plantations (tree farms or commercialforests). Explain how increased reliance on treeplantations can reduce overall forest biodiversityand degrade forest topsoil.arrow_forward
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