Environmental Science
Environmental Science
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781260153125
Author: William P Cunningham Prof., Mary Ann Cunningham Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Question
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.1CTDQ
To determine

The physical and biological factors that are most important in shaping the biome in which an individual live and how these factors have changed in the past 100 or 1,000 years.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 5.1CTDQ

There are various factors which play an important role in shaping the biome. These factors have changed in the past 100 or 1,000 years.

Explanation of Solution

Biome is a geographical area that is very large in size. Different biomes have different biological productivity and ecosystem resilience. Biome of a place depends upon its temperature and precipitation conditions.

The physical and biological factors that are most important in shaping the biome are climate, moisture availability, soil type, geomorphology and other natural features. Over the past 100 or 1,000 years, the global distribution of biomes and the factors involved in shaping of a biome has changed. The biomes found in a particular location depend upon the human occupation and use of natural resources. In temperate zones, highly productive biological communities are found and humans tend to prefer mild climates. Due to excessive growth in human population, there is tremendous increase in the use of natural resources. It has caused extensive degradation of environment.

Coastal beaches and barren islands have become highly vulnerable to erosion. Over the past two centuries, most of the original wetlands have been drained, polluted and degraded. The area gets highly disturbed where human beings live or farm. Examples of such areas are temperate forests and grasslands.

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Assuming that the Great River has experienced a flood of 5,120 m/s in 2020, in the same 147 years of record, recalculate the recurrence intervals. Add this flood to Table 3 below and complete the missing information. Create an appropriate caption for the table. Make sure to select the proper placement for the caption (Above? Below? To the right?). Ensure that your caption begins with "Table 3:". Show your calculations. Year 2013 Discharge ( ) 5,287 Rank Recurrence Interval (T) 1978 5.774 1947 4,806 1932 6,697 1893 5,334
The flood recurrence interval is calculated using the following equation: T = (n+1)/m T = the recurrence interval in number of years n = the number of years of record m = the rank of the flood (the largest flood on record is ranked 1) Complete the missing information for Table 2, with the assumption that these five years represent the five largest floods in 147 years of records. Create an appropriate caption for the table. Make sure to select the proper placement for the caption (Above? Below? To the right?). Ensure that your caption begins with "Table 2:". Year Discharge ( Rank Recurrence Interval (T) 2013 5,287 1978 5.774 1947 4,806 1932 6,697 1893 5,334
Moose River Red River Width Depth Velocity Q Width Depth (m) (m) (m/s) 1 (m) (m) Velocity (m/s) ( ) Jan 1.534 5.9 1 1.008 8.5 1.4 Feb 1.534 6.0 1 1.008 8.6 1.5 Mar 1.535 6.2 1.1 1.010 8.7 1.5 Apr 1.536 6.3 1.1 1.011 8.8 1.6 May 1.537 6.5 1.2 1.011 8.9 1.6 Jun 1.537 6.5 1.3 1.012 9.0 1.7 Jul 1.535 6.4 1.1 1.009 8.9 1.6 Aug 1.534 6.0 1.1 1.008 8.8 1.5 Sept 1.533 6.0 1.1 1.007 8.6 1.5 Oct 1.532 5.8 1.006 8.3 1.5 Nov 1.533 5.8 1 1.006 8.3 1.4 Dec 1.534 5.9 1 1.007 8.4 1.3 Annual Discharge Total Avg. Monthly Discharge Annual Discharge Total Avg. Monthly Discharge Based on the information provided, which river do you think has the greater annual discharge? Justify your hypothesis.
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