Southward Company has implemented a JIT flexible manufacturing system. John Richins, controller of the company, has decided to reduce the accounting requirements given the expectation of lower inventories. For one thing, he has decided to treat direct labor cost as a part of overhead and to discontinue the detailed direct labor accounting of the past. The company has created two manufacturing cells, each capable of producing a family of products: the radiator cell and the water pump cell. The output of both cells is sold to a sister division and to customers who use the radiators and water pumps for repair activity. Product-level overhead costs outside the cells are assigned to each cell using appropriate drivers. Facility-level costs are allocated to each cell on the basis of square footage. The budgeted direct labor and overhead costs are as follows: The predetermined conversion cost rate is based on available production hours in each cell. The radiator cell has 45,000 hours available for production, and the water pump cell has 27,000 hours. Conversion costs are applied to the units produced by multiplying the conversion rate by the actual time required to produce the units. The radiator cell produced 81,000 units, taking 0.5 hour to produce one unit of product (on average). The water pump cell produced 90,000 units, taking 0.25 hour to produce one unit of product (on average). Other actual results for the year are as follows: All units produced were sold. Any conversion cost variance is closed to Cost of Goods Sold. Required: 1. Calculate the predetermined conversion cost rates for each cell. 2. Prepare journal entries using backflush accounting. Assume two trigger points, with completion of goods as the second trigger point. 3. Repeat Requirement 2, assuming that the second trigger point is the sale of the goods. 4. Explain why there is no need to have a work-in-process inventory account. 5. Two variants of backflush costing were presented in which each used two trigger points, with the second trigger point differing. Suppose that the only trigger point for recognizing manufacturing costs occurs when the goods are sold. How would the entries be listed here? When would this backflush variant be considered appropriate?

A company is considering a special order for 1,000 units to be priced at 8.90 (the normal price would be 11.50). The order would require specialized materials costing 4.00 per unit. Direct labor and variable factory overhead would cost 2.15 per unit. Fixed factory overhead is 1.20 per unit. However, the company has excess capacity, and acceptance of the order would not raise total fixed factory overhead. The warehouse, however, would have to add capacity costing 1,300. Which of the following is relevant to the special order? a. 11.50 b. 1.20 c. 7.35 d. 8.90

Crane Company has decided to introduce a new product that can be manufactured by either a capital-intensive method or a labour-intensive method. The manufacturing method will not affect the quality of the product. The estimated manufacturing costs under the two methods are as follows: Direct materials Direct labour Variable overhead Fixed manufacturing costs Capital-Intensive $10.00 per unit $12.00 per unit $6.00 per unit $2,624,960 Labour-Intensive $11.00 per unit $16.00 per unit $9.00 per unit $1,612,000 Crane's market research department has recommended an introductory unit sales price of $64. The incremental selling expenses are estimated to be $522,080 annually, plus $4 for each unit sold, regardless of the manufacturing method.

Mozaic Inc. has decided to introduce a new product, which can be manufactured by either a computer-assisted manufacturing system (CAM) or a labor-intensive production system (LIP). The manufacturing method will not affect the quality of the product. The estimated manufacturing costs by the two methods are as follows: CAM System LIP System Direct Material $5.00 $5.60 Direct Labor (DLH) 0.5 DLH x $12 $6.00 0.8 DLH x $9 $7.20 Variable Overhead 0.5 DLH x $6 $3.00 0.8 DLH x $6 $4.80 Fixed Overhead* $2,440,000 $1,320,000 * These costs are directly traceable to the new product line. They would not be incurred if the new product were not produced. The company's marketing research department has recommended an introductory unit sales price of $30. Selling expenses are estimated to be $500,000 annually plus $2 for each unit sold. (Ignore income taxes.) Required: 1. Calculate the estimated break-even point in annual unit sales of the new product if the company uses the (a) computer-assisted…

The Chopin Company has decided to introduce a new product. The new product can be manufactured by either a computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) or a labor-intensive production (LIP) system. The manufacturing method will not affect the quality of the product. The estimated manufacturing costs for each of the two methods are as follows. CAM System: Direct Material = $5.0 Direct Labor (DLH) = 0.5 DLH X $12 = $6 Variable Overhead = 0.5DLHx$6 = $3 Fixed Iverhead* = $ 2,440,000 LIP System: Direct Material = $5.6 Direct Labor (DLH) = 0.8 DLH X $9 = $7.2 Variable Overhead = 0.8 DLH X $6 = $4.8 Fixed Overhead* = $1,320,000 *These costs are directly traceable to the new product line. They would not be incurred if the new product were not produced. The company’s marketing research department has recommended an introductory unit sales price of $30. Selling expenses are estimated to be $500,000 annually plus $2 for each unit sold. (Ignore income taxes.) Required: Calculate the estimated…

The Chopin Company has decided to introduce a new product. The new product can be manufactured by either a computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) or a labor-intensive production (LIP) system. The manufacturing method will not affect the quality of the product. The estimated manufacturing costs for each of the two methods are as follows. CAM System: Direct Material = $5.0 Direct Labor (DLH) = 0.5 DLH X $12 = $6 Variable Overhead = 0.5DLHx$6 = $3 Fixed Iverhead* = $ 2,440,000 LIP System: Direct Material = $5.6 Direct Labor (DLH) = 0.8 DLH X $9 = $7.2 Variable Overhead = 0.8 DLH X $6 = $4.8 Fixed Overhead* = $1,320,000 *These costs are directly traceable to the new product line. They would not be incurred if the new product were not produced. The company’s marketing research department has recommended an introductory unit sales price of $30. Selling expenses are estimated to be $500,000 annually plus $2 for each unit sold. (Ignore income taxes.) Required 4. Describe the circumstances under…

Pharoah Company has decided to introduce a new product. The new product can be manufactured by either a capital-intensive method or a labor-intensive method. The manufacturing method will not affect the quality of the product. The estimated manufacturing costs by the two methods are as follows. Direct materials Direct labor Variable overhead Fixed manufacturing costs (a) Pharoah' market research department has recommended an introductory unit sales price of $28.00. The selling expenses are estimated to be $432,000 annually plus $2.00 for each unit sold, regardless of manufacturing method. Capital-Intensive $4.00 per unit $5.00 per unit $3.00 per unit $2,284,000 Calculate the estimated break-even point in annual unit sales of the new product if Pharoah Company uses the: 1. Capital-intensive manufacturing method. Labor-intensive manufacturing method. 2. Labor-Intensive $4.50 per unit $7.00 per unit $4.00 per unit $1,437,000 Break-even point in units Capital-Intensive Labor-Intensive

ABC Company is introducing a new product. The managers are trying to decide whether to make one of its components or to buy it from an outside supplier. The space that could be used to make the part has no alternative use. The outside supplier will sell the part to ABC for P800 per unit. Following is an estimate of per-unit costs if ABC makes the part: Materials P225 ; Direct labor P250 ; Variable manufacturing overhead P225 ; Fixed manufacturing overhead P325. Fixed manufacturing overhead consists of depreciation on machinery and a share of the costs of the factory based on the floor space that manufacturing the part would occupy. Determine whether ABC should make or buy the part. Also you have to indicate the amount favoring the better alternative. please answer

Toledo Tool Company plans to introduce a new product. The company also considers adopting a new computer-assisted manufacturing system. The new product can be manufactured by either the new computer assisted system or its traditional labor-intensive production system. The company can achieve the same quality of the product regardless of which the production system employed. The estimated product costs by the two production systems are as follows:   Traditional Labor-Intensive Production Systems New Computer-Assisted Manufacturing Systems Direct Material (per unit) $10.5 $8.4 Direct Labor (per unit) $14.0 $9.0 Variable overhead (per unit) $5.5 $3.4 Fixed overhead $2M $3.5M The marketing department recommends that the unit selling price of the new product be at $65, and the company expects the selling expenses for the new product to be $830,000 annually plus $4 for each unit sold. The company is currently subject to a 40% income tax rate.…