Chemistry
Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393919370
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.140AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is to be predicted as oxidation or reduction process.

The heat of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is to be calculated for the given data.

Concept introduction: The chemical processes in which addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen takes place, are termed as reduction and it’s vice versa are termed as oxidation.

The heat of reaction is also termed as change in enthalpy of reaction and calculated by the formula,

ΔHHeat of rxnο=n×ΔHf,HCHO(g)οm×ΔHf,C6H12O6(s)ο

To determine: The conversion of glucose into formaldehyde as oxidation or reduction process.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 5.140AP

Solution

The conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is an oxidation process.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The given conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is stated as,

C6H12O66HCHO

The given conversion in open form is shown in Figure 1 .

Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.140AP

Figure 1

The chemical processes in which addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen takes place, are termed as reduction and it’s vice versa are termed as oxidation.

The Figure 1 clearly shows that all of the CH2OH groups get converted into CHO groups by removal of hydrogen. Hence, the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is an example of oxidation process.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The heat of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde for the given data.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 5.140AP

Solution

The heat of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is 900kJ/mol_ .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Given

The ΔHcombο of formaldehyde gas (ΔHcomb, HCHO(g)ο) is 572.9kJ/mol .

The ΔHfο of solid glucose is (ΔHf,C6H12O6(s)ο) 1274.4kJ/mol .

The ΔHcombο of formaldehyde gas is the change in enthalpy when one mole of formaldehyde gas combusted in the presence of excess air.

The balanced chemical reaction for the combustion of formaldehyde gas is,

HCHO(g)+O2(g)CO2(g)+H2O(g) (1)

In equation (1),

  • The stoichiometry coefficients of both products and reactants are one.
  • The change in enthalpy for the formation of oxygen gas (ΔHf,O2(g)ο) is 0kJ/mol .
  • The change in enthalpy for the formation of carbon dioxide gas (ΔHf,CO2(g)ο) is 393.5kJ/mol .
  • The change in enthalpy for the formation of water vapor (ΔHf,H2O(g)ο) is 241.820kJ/mol .

The standard formula for calculation of change in enthalpy is,

ΔHrxnο=n×ΔHfο(Products)m×ΔHfο(Reactants) (2)

Where,

  • ΔHrxnο is change in enthalpy for a given reaction.
  • n is stoichiometry coefficient of products in a balanced chemical equation.
  • m is stoichiometry coefficient of reactants in a balanced chemical equation.
  • ΔHfο(Products) is change in enthalpy for the formation of products.
  • ΔHfο(Reactants) is change in enthalpy for the formation of products.

The change in enthalpy for combustion process of formaldehyde gas is written as,

ΔHcomb, HCHO(g)ο=n×ΔHfο(CO2(g),H2O(g))m×ΔHfο(HCHO(g),O2(g))

Substitute the values of n , m , ΔHf,O2(g)ο , ΔHf,H2O(g)ο , ΔHf,CO2(g)ο and ΔHcomb, HCHO(g)ο in the above expression.

ΔHcomb, HCHO(g)ο=(1×ΔHf,CO2(g)ο+1×ΔHf,H2O(g)ο)(1×ΔHf,HCHO(g)ο+1×ΔHf,O2(g)ο)572.9kJ/mol=((1×393.5+1×241.820)(ΔHf,HCHO(g)ο+0))kJ/mol572.9kJ/mol=393.5kJ/mol241.820kJ/molΔHf,HCHO(g)οΔHf,HCHO(g)ο=635.32kJ/mol+572.9kJ/mol

Simplify,

ΔHf,HCHO(g)ο=62.4kJ/mol

The heat of reaction is also termed as change in enthalpy of reaction and calculated by the formula as stated in equation (2). So, the heat of reaction for the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is calculated by,

ΔHHeat of rxnο=n×ΔHf,HCHO(g)οm×ΔHf,C6H12O6(s)ο . (3)

The conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is stated as,

C6H12O66HCHO . (4)

In equation (4),

  • The value of n is 6 .
  • The value of m is 1 .

Substitute the value of n , m , ΔHf,C6H12O6(s)ο and ΔHf,HCHO(g)ο in equation (3)

ΔHHeat of rxnο=n×ΔHf,HCHO(g)οm×ΔHf,C6H12O6(s)ο=6×62.4kJ/mol(1×1274.4kJ/mol)=374.4kJ/mol+1274.4kJ/molΔHHeat of rxnο=900kJ/mol

Hence, the heat of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is 900kJ/mol_ .

Conclusion

  1. a. The conversion of glucose into fructose is an oxidation process.
  2. b. The heat of the reaction for the conversion of glucose into formaldehyde is 900kJ/mol_

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Chemistry

Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 11PECh. 5.6 - Prob. 12PECh. 5.6 - Prob. 13PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 14PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 15PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 16PECh. 5.8 - Prob. 17PECh. 5 - Prob. 5.1VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.2VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.3VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.4VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.8VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.9QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.11QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.17QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.26QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.27QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.31QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.32QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.34QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.35QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.49QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.50QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.51QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.52QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.59QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.60QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.66QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.67QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.73QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.74QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.77QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.78QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.79QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.80QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.82QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.83QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.89QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.90QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.91QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.92QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.93QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.94QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.95QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.96QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.97QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.98QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.99QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.100QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.101QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.102QPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.103APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.104APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.105APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.106APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.107APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.108APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.109APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.110APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.111APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.112APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.113APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.114APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.115APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.116APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.117APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.118APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.119APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.120APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.121APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.122APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.123APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.124APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.125APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.126APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.127APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.128APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.129APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.130APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.131APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.132APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.133APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.134APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.135APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.136APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.137APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.138APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.139APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.140APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.141APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.142APCh. 5 - Prob. 5.143AP
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