MARINE BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259880032
Author: CASTRO
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 5, Problem 3CT
An autotrophic protist, such as a diatom or a dinoflagellate, can evolve into a heterotrophic protist (and therefore a protozoan) simply by losing its chloroplasts. Under what conditions might this take place?
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Protists are a group of eukaryotic organisms that are brought together by scientists mostly by convenience. I) What is the relationship between all protists that ties them together? ii) provide an example of a autotrophic and heterotrophic protists group, iii) what is the relationship between the multicellular eukaryotes and the protists?
a salt water protist is placed in fresh water. Which of the following events would most likely occur?
a.) the cell would shrink
b.) the cell would remain the same (no change in shape)
c.) the cell would start to cry
d.) the cell would swell
e.) an increase in the action of its cilia
Is protist dna in a nucleus unicellular or multicellular?According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as plants a) green algae b) dinoflagellates c) red algaed both a and c in a lifecycle with alternation of generations multicellular haploid forms alternate with a unicellular haploid forms b unicellular diploid formsc multicellular haploid forms d) multicellular diploid forms
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- Give an example of a protist that is:(a) a parasite of humans(b) very large and photosynthetic(c) a unicellular species with two flagella and photosynthetic(d) covered in ciliaarrow_forwardDinoflagellates are unicellular, marine protists. Dinoflagellates are bioluminescent, but only at night. During the day, they carry out photosynthesis similar to other autotrophs. At night, however, they bioluminesce every time they are disturbed. They are often seen in the wakes of ships at night. While the reason for this bioluminescence is not fully understood, many scientists concur that it is a form of self-defense. If small fish begin to feed upon the protists, the protists will begin to bioluminesce. These flashes of light in the dark water can alert larger fish and draw them towards the small fish, upon which they prey. By making the small fish vulnerable, the dinoflagellates are able to protect themselves. Based on the information above, a researcher decides to design an experiment in which she is testing how long it takes for dinoflagellates to recover after different amounts of disturbance. She maintains 10 containers of dinoflagellates with similar temperature, salinity and…arrow_forward50) Some protists, formerly united as the ʺamitochondriateʺ clade, have recently been shown to be rather diverse. Some of them possess neither mitochondria nor mitochondrial genes (and have been classified as fungi). Others possess no mitochondria, but do have mitochondrial genes in their nuclear genome. Still others have modified mitochondria (viz. mitosomes or hydrogenosomes). Which statement(s) represent(s) consequences of these recent findings? 1. The amitochondriates do not comprise a true clade. 2. The ʺamitochondriate hypothesisʺ concerning the root of the eukaryotic tree has been strengthened. 3. Just as there is a diversity of cyanobacterial descendants among eukaryotes, so too is there a diversity of alpha-proteobacterial descendants among the eukaryotes. 4. If the amitochondriate organisms continued to be recognized as a taxon, this taxon would be polyphyletic. 5. Horizontal gene transfer involving mitochondrial genes has occurred in some amitochondriate organisms. A) 1 only…arrow_forward
- Dinoflagellates are unicellular, marine protists. Dinoflagellates are bioluminescent, but only at night. During the day, they carry out photosynthesis similar to other autotrophs. At night, however, they bioluminesce every time they are disturbed. They are often seen in the wakes of ships at night. While the reason for this bioluminescence is not fully understood, many scientists concur that it is a form of self-defense. If small fish begin to feed upon the protists, the protists will begin to bioluminesce. These flashes of light in the dark water can alert larger fish and draw them towards the small fish, upon which they prey. By making the small fish vulnerable, the dinoflagellates are able to protect themselves. Based on the information above, a researcher decides to design an experiment in which she is testing how long it takes for dinoflagellates to recover after different amounts of disturbance. She maintains 10 containers of dinoflagellates with similar temperature, salinity and…arrow_forwardA) A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells Group of answer choices exhibit little if any compartmentalization of function are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells have a large degree of internal organization lack organelles have little if any internal organization B) Which of the following statements about protists is false? Group of answer choices Some protists are mixotrophic Certain protists share a common ancestor with land plants Some protists are photosynthetic prokaryotes which are similar to the ancestral chloroplast Protists are a polyphyletic group of organisms that often bear little resemblance to each other Although most protists are unicellular, some protists are multicellular as wellarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of the protists? (a) they are unicellular, colonial, coenocytic, or simple multicellular organisms (b) their cilia and flagella have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules (c) they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are (d) some are free-living, and some are endosymbionts (e) most are aquatic and live in the ocean or in freshwater pondsarrow_forward
- In the early 1930s, G. F. Gause carried out a series of experiments using two species of ciliated protists (Paramecium), which are single-celled eukaryotic protozoans. The protists were cultured together and separately, with the bacteria being the single food source. The results are shown in the figure below. (a) Based on figure, identify and explain the interaction that is taking place between P. caudatum and P. aurelia. (b) Clam shrimp, a natural predator to P. caudatum, is introduced to the culture containing both P. caudatum and P. aurelia after 24 days. Predict the impact that the clam shrimp will have on the culture and the populations. Justify your prediction.arrow_forwardWhat distinguishes protists from prokaryotes? What distinguishes protists from fungi, land plants, and animals?arrow_forwardProtists are(a) single-celled eukaryotes.(b) multicellular eukaryotes.(c) single-celled prokaryotes.(d) single-celled akaryote. Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.arrow_forward
- Which of the following processes are involved in thereproduction of protists ?(a) Binary fission and budding(b) Cell fusion and zygote formation(c) Spore formation and cyst formation(d) All of the above Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.arrow_forwardWhy are red algae red? What distinguishes plasmodial and cellular slime molds? What are the ecological roles of protists? Why are photosynthetic protists so important to marine/aquatic ecosystems? What limits the growth of these organisms and what causes blooms? What will be affected if marine producers are disrupted?arrow_forwardApicomplexans evolved from a photosynthetic ancestor and have the remnant of a chloroplast. This organelle no longer acts in photosynthesis, but remains essential to the protist. Why might targeting this organelle yield an antimalarial drug with minimal side effects in humans?arrow_forward
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