Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 3AQ
In which direction (into or out of the cell) will water flow in cells of Escherichia coli (an organism found in your large intestine) suddenly suspended in a solution of 20% NaCl? What if the cells were suspended in distilled water? If growth nutrients were added to each cell suspension, which (if either) would support growth, and why?
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1) Draw a model of the plasma membrane to form a cell. Include a tube embedded in the membrane. Show 2 water molecules inside the cell and 12 water molecules outside the cell. Indicate which way the water will move through the aquaporin with an arrow.
a) Using your knowledge of membrane transport, which direction will the water molecules move through the aquaporin? Why?
b) Why would water have a difficult time crossing the cell membrane? Keep in mind the structure of water in your answer.
2) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.
a) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.
While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is
important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized
in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a
pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane.
Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles
starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B -
cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will
release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream.
Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the
insulin signal…
"In a beaker containing 6% NaCl, you place a cell which contains 0.9% NaCl. NaCl doesn t cross the membrane. What will be the result?"
a) There will be net movement of water into the cell.
b) There will be net movement of NaCl into the cell.
c) There will be net movement of water out of the cell.
d) There will be net movement of NaCl out of the cell.
e) The cell will swell.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Define the term generation. What is meant by the...Ch. 5.1 - How do binary fission and budding cell division...Ch. 5.1 - How does the biofilm growth mode differ from that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.2 - What is a semilogarithmic plot and what...Ch. 5.2 - For an exponentially growing culture that...Ch. 5.2 - For testing a bacteriums response to a toxic...Ch. 5.2 - How is the generation time (g) of an exponentially...Ch. 5.3 - In which phase of the growth curve do cells divide...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.3 - Describe the growth cycle of a population of...Ch. 5.4 - How do microorganisms in a chemostat differ from...Ch. 5.4 - What happens in a chemostat if the dilution rate...Ch. 5.4 - Do pure cultures have to be used in a chemostat?Ch. 5.4 - How does a chemostat regulate growth rate and cell...Ch. 5.5 - Why would a complex culture medium for Leuconostoc...Ch. 5.5 - In which medium shown in Table 5.1, defined or...Ch. 5.5 - What is meant by the word sterile? Why is aseptic...Ch. 5.5 - How many cells could be present in a single...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.6 - What are some of the problems that can arise when...Ch. 5.6 - Using microscopic techniques, how could you tell...Ch. 5.6 - Are total cell counts useful if one does not know...Ch. 5.7 - Why is a viable count more sensitive than a...Ch. 5.7 - Describe how you would dilute a bacterial culture...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.7 - How does a viable count differ from a total count?Ch. 5.8 - List two advantages of using turbidity as a...Ch. 5.8 - Describe how you could use a turbidity measurement...Ch. 5.8 - How can turbidity be used as a measure of cell...Ch. 5.9 - How does a hyperthermophile differ from a...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.9 - E. coli can grow at a higher temperature in a...Ch. 5.9 - Examine the graph in Figure 5.17. Why is the...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.10 - What molecular adaptations to cold temperatures...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.11 - Which phylogenetic domain includes species with...Ch. 5.11 - How does the membrane structure of...Ch. 5.11 - What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?Ch. 5.11 - How do cells of hyperthermophiles prevent heat...Ch. 5.12 - How does the concentration of H+ change when a...Ch. 5.12 - What terms are used to describe organisms whose...Ch. 5.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.12 - Concerning the pH of the environment and of the...Ch. 5.13 - What is the aw of pure water? What is the lower...Ch. 5.13 - What are compatible solutes, and when and why are...Ch. 5.13 - How does a halophile maintain positive water...Ch. 5.14 - How does an obligate aerobe differ from a...Ch. 5.14 - How does a reducing agent work? Give an example of...Ch. 5.14 - How does Superoxide dismutase or superoxide...Ch. 5.14 - Contrast an aerotolerant and an obligate anaerobe...Ch. 5.15 - Why is heat an effective sterilizing agent?Ch. 5.15 - What steps are necessary to ensure the sterility...Ch. 5.15 - Distinguish between the sterilization of...Ch. 5.15 - Contrast the terms thermal death time and decimal...Ch. 5.16 - Define D10 and explain why the killing dose for...Ch. 5.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.16 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.17 - Distinguish between the antimicrobial effects of...Ch. 5.17 - Describe how the minimum inhibitory concentration...Ch. 5.17 - Distinguish between a sterilant, a disinfectant,...Ch. 5.17 - Describe the procedure for obtaining the minimum...Ch. 5 - A medium was inoculated with 5 106 cells/ml of...Ch. 5 - Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will...Ch. 5 - In which direction (into or out of the cell) will...
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