Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 2AQ
Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will grow at 40°C, while P. fumarii but not E. coli will grow at 110°C. What is happening (or not happening) to prevent growth of each organism at the nonpermissive temperature?
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Define the term generation. What is meant by the...Ch. 5.1 - How do binary fission and budding cell division...Ch. 5.1 - How does the biofilm growth mode differ from that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.2 - What is a semilogarithmic plot and what...Ch. 5.2 - For an exponentially growing culture that...Ch. 5.2 - For testing a bacteriums response to a toxic...Ch. 5.2 - How is the generation time (g) of an exponentially...Ch. 5.3 - In which phase of the growth curve do cells divide...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.3 - Describe the growth cycle of a population of...Ch. 5.4 - How do microorganisms in a chemostat differ from...Ch. 5.4 - What happens in a chemostat if the dilution rate...Ch. 5.4 - Do pure cultures have to be used in a chemostat?Ch. 5.4 - How does a chemostat regulate growth rate and cell...Ch. 5.5 - Why would a complex culture medium for Leuconostoc...Ch. 5.5 - In which medium shown in Table 5.1, defined or...Ch. 5.5 - What is meant by the word sterile? Why is aseptic...Ch. 5.5 - How many cells could be present in a single...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.6 - What are some of the problems that can arise when...Ch. 5.6 - Using microscopic techniques, how could you tell...Ch. 5.6 - Are total cell counts useful if one does not know...Ch. 5.7 - Why is a viable count more sensitive than a...Ch. 5.7 - Describe how you would dilute a bacterial culture...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.7 - How does a viable count differ from a total count?Ch. 5.8 - List two advantages of using turbidity as a...Ch. 5.8 - Describe how you could use a turbidity measurement...Ch. 5.8 - How can turbidity be used as a measure of cell...Ch. 5.9 - How does a hyperthermophile differ from a...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.9 - E. coli can grow at a higher temperature in a...Ch. 5.9 - Examine the graph in Figure 5.17. Why is the...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.10 - What molecular adaptations to cold temperatures...Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.11 - Which phylogenetic domain includes species with...Ch. 5.11 - How does the membrane structure of...Ch. 5.11 - What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?Ch. 5.11 - How do cells of hyperthermophiles prevent heat...Ch. 5.12 - How does the concentration of H+ change when a...Ch. 5.12 - What terms are used to describe organisms whose...Ch. 5.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.12 - Concerning the pH of the environment and of the...Ch. 5.13 - What is the aw of pure water? What is the lower...Ch. 5.13 - What are compatible solutes, and when and why are...Ch. 5.13 - How does a halophile maintain positive water...Ch. 5.14 - How does an obligate aerobe differ from a...Ch. 5.14 - How does a reducing agent work? Give an example of...Ch. 5.14 - How does Superoxide dismutase or superoxide...Ch. 5.14 - Contrast an aerotolerant and an obligate anaerobe...Ch. 5.15 - Why is heat an effective sterilizing agent?Ch. 5.15 - What steps are necessary to ensure the sterility...Ch. 5.15 - Distinguish between the sterilization of...Ch. 5.15 - Contrast the terms thermal death time and decimal...Ch. 5.16 - Define D10 and explain why the killing dose for...Ch. 5.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.16 - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.17 - Distinguish between the antimicrobial effects of...Ch. 5.17 - Describe how the minimum inhibitory concentration...Ch. 5.17 - Distinguish between a sterilant, a disinfectant,...Ch. 5.17 - Describe the procedure for obtaining the minimum...Ch. 5 - A medium was inoculated with 5 106 cells/ml of...Ch. 5 - Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will...Ch. 5 - In which direction (into or out of the cell) will...
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- Draw the following growth curves for E. coli, starting with 100 cells with a generation time of 30 minutes at 35°C 60 minutes at 20°C, and 3 hours at 5°C. The cells are incubated for 5 hours at 35°Carrow_forwardThe graph represents the growth rates of different types of bacteria labeled w-z at different temperatures. -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Temperature (°C) Lactic acid bacteria are type x. They are used in the preparation of fermented food products. What will be the impact on the lactic acid bacteria when the temperature is increased to 60°C? O These bacteria will become type y. O These bacteria will work more effectively. O These bacteria will work at the same speed. O These bacteria will stop fermenting food. Growth Rate of Bacteriaarrow_forwardWhat are the defining characteristics of the exponential/log phase of the bacterial growth curve. Explain the culture conditions that arise that cause the phase to end. In different culture media, and the exact same starting inoculum, will the end of exponential/log occur at the same time? Why or why not? A graph or a drawing of the growth curve would help but is not essential to answer this question.arrow_forward
- d) Since we know this bacterial organism thrives in colder areas of the world, what can be said about the effect of temperature on the growth patterns ofthis bacterial organism? How would increasing the temperature affect the growth constant? e) If the bacterial organism is resistant to antibiotics, how would administering antibiotics affect the growth of this organism?arrow_forwardIn growing E.coli, why is that (reasons) they do not grow after doubling time under 20 degrees celsius and under 37 degrees celsius, the number of colonies after doubling time has decreased?arrow_forwardIf the generation time of Escherichia coli is 30 minutes, starting with 4 E. coli cells, how many cells can you obtain after 2 hours of growth? A: cellsarrow_forward
- DRAW IT Draw the following growth curves for E. coli, starting with 100 cells with a generation time of 30 minutes at 35°C 60 minutes at 20°C, and 3 hours at 5°C. (A) The cells are incubated for 5 hours at 35°C. (B) After 5 hours, the temperature is changed to 20°C for 2 hours. (C) After 5 hours at 35°C, the temperature is changed to 5°C for 2 hours followed by 35°C for 5 hours. *arrow_forwardDifferentiate the growth curve exhibited by the same inoculum under the following conditions. Draw and label the parts of your growth curve. A). If it is exponentially growing and inoculated in the same nutritious medium under the same optimum conditions. B). If it is taken from an old culture and inoculated into the same nutritious medium and incubated under the same optimum conditions in (A). C). If it is taken from an old culture and inoculated to a different and less nutritious medium and incubated under the same optimum conditions as (A).arrow_forwardWhich of the following bacteria can survive in in temperatures ranging from 39°F (4°C)---to 99°F (37°C)? Which of the following bacteria can survive in temperatures ranging from 39 ° F (4 ° C)---to 99 ° F (37 ° C)? OListeria monocytogenes O Salmonella typhi Thermus aquaticus OS taphylococcus aureusarrow_forward
- Which of the following bacteria can survive in in temperatures ranging from 390F (40C)---to 990F (37OC)?arrow_forwardIn an experiment to calculate the decimal reduction time for an Escherichia coli culture, viable cells were exposed to a constant temperature of 80°C for a set amount of time. After exposure, the remaining number of surviving cells were counted. Based on Table 1, what is the decimal reduction time?Table 1. Decimal Reduction Time for E. coli Heated to 80°C Total time of exposure (minutes): Number of Microbial Cells Present: 0 100 1 80 3 50 4 42 6.5 26 13 10 21 0arrow_forwardStrain X. spp. is a rod-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium with peritrichous flagella andpili that could use glucose and dye as its sole carbon source. Answer the following sections (a, band c).a) With a doubling time of 240 minutes and a starting population size of 10 bacteria cells. Howmany bacteria cells will be present after 72 hours, assuming no cell death?b) Draw the diagram and describe motility required for the bacteria to gradient concentrationof attractant (food)?arrow_forward
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