Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 1CT
Beginning physics students are often taught the basic concept of
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While walking to biochemistry class with a friend, you see the following graffiti spray painted on the wall of the science building: “When a system is in equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy is maximum.” You are disgusted, not only at the vandalism, but at the ignorance of the vandal. Your friend asks you to explain.
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D. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously
The first and second laws of thermodynamics are useful for biochemists who investigate chemical reactions in living organisms. Explain why the third law is not useful.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - One Tough Bug The genus Ferroplasma consists of a...Ch. 5 - One Tough Bug The genus Ferroplasma consists of a...Ch. 5 - One Tough Bug The genus Ferroplasma consists of a...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements is not correct?...Ch. 5 - ________ is lifes primary source of energy. a....Ch. 5 - Prob. 3SQCh. 5 - Prob. 4SQCh. 5 - Prob. 5SQCh. 5 - ______ are always changed by participating in a...Ch. 5 - Name one environmental factor that typically...
Ch. 5 - Prob. 8SQCh. 5 - A molecule that donates electrons becomes...Ch. 5 - All antioxidants ________. a. prevent other...Ch. 5 - Solutes tend to diffuse from a region where they...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12SQCh. 5 - A transport protein requires ATP to pump sodium...Ch. 5 - Immerse a human red blood cell in a hypotonic...Ch. 5 - Match each tern with its most suitable...Ch. 5 - Beginning physics students are often taught the...Ch. 5 - Describe diffusion in terms or entropy.Ch. 5 - What is a redox reaction?Ch. 5 - The enzyme trypsin is sold as a dietary...Ch. 5 - Catalase combines two hydrogen peroxide molecules...
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- Imagine you are working in a lab, and you are performing two chemical reactions. You notice that Reaction A occurs much faster than Reaction B, and that both reactions release the same amount of heat. Which of the following conclusions can be made from your observation? Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is more negative (i.e., a larger negative number) than the AG for Reaction B. Reaction A has a lower activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has a higher activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is less negative (i.e., a smaller negative number) than the AG for Reaction B.arrow_forwardwhat is the importance of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems, especially living organisms?arrow_forwardWhy is it not enough to just rely on either thermodynamic data alone ... Or kinetic (rate of reaction) data alone to predict the possible occurrence of a chemical reaction?arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. velocity b. kinetics c. half-life d. first-order reactions e. pseudo-first-order reactionarrow_forwardConsider a system consisting of an egg in an incubator. The white and yolk of the egg contain proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. If fertilized, the egg is transformed from a single cell to a complex organism. Discuss this irreversible process in terms of the entropy changes in the system, surroundings, anduniverse. Be sure that you first clearly define the system and surroundings.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are true concerning the first law of thermodynamics? A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. B) The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. C) Energy can be converted from one form to another. D) It is sometimes referred to as the law of conservation of energy. E) All of the above are true.arrow_forward
- Explain first and second law of thermodynamics using an examplearrow_forwardIn a chemical reaction occurring in a cell, free energy is equivalent to (a) heat energy (b) heat (c) disorder (d) potential energy (e) more than one of the preceding options are truearrow_forwardYou and a friend are eating dinner together, and a number of events occur during your dinner that call to mind the Laws of Thermodynamics. Match each event to the most relevant Law of Thermodynamics. Your food is cooked on a propane grill, which converts the chemical energy from propane and oxygen into the heat used to cook the food, First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Your meals arrive, and your friend enjoys eating her steak, which contains chemical energy that will be converted into other forms of chemical energy within her body. After the meal, you go for a walk. The chemical energy from dinner will help generate ATP to fuel the skeletal muscles used for walking. The waiter brings a basket of bread, but as you eat it crumbs are scattered on the table. Your glass of water falls off the table and breaks into many pieces.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the second law of thermodynamics? The quality of the energy in the universe increases over time. The entropy of the universe is always increasing. Energy is conserved in the universe. The energy of the universe is always increasing. Entropy is conserved in the universe.arrow_forwardState the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and discuss the implications of these laws as they relate to organisms.arrow_forward
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