Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 16TYK
Organophosphates (organic compounds containing phosphate groups) are commonly used as insecticides to improve crop yield. Organophosphates typically interfere with nerve signal transmission by inhibiting the enzymes that degrade transmitter molecules. They affect humans and other vertebrates as well as insects. Thus, the use of organophosphate pesticides poses some health risks. On the other hand, these molecules break down rapidly upon exposure to air and sunlight. As a consumer, what level of risk are you willing to accept in exchange for an abundant and affordable food supply?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PBCS) are a group of chemicals with a wide range of uses
in manufacturing and found in fire retardants, plastics, adhesives, and lubricants, to
name of few of its uses. They are now banned but are still present in waterways and
in our environment. They are extremely stable under most conditions and fat soluble.
Even at low doses, they can mimic natural hormones found in many animals and can
disrupt the development. They are known as "hormone disruptors." PBCS have also
been known to cause cancer. What else can you anticipate from these PBCS?
PBCS are likely to undergo biomagnification.
PBCS are likely to undergo eutrophication.
PBCS are the rare compounds that can exhibit both eutrophication and
biomagnification.
PBCS no longer pose a problem because their use has now ceased and we have
medical interventions for reversing their effects.
PBCS are likely to concentrate only in secondary consumers.
Which of the following statements are true? (This is a multi-
select question, select all that apply).
Carbohydrates serve mainly for short-term energy storage; TAGs serve mainly
for long-term energy storage.
Both carbohydrates and TAGS serve other important roles, such as in molecular
recognition.
Both carbohydrates and TAGS serve important roles as second messengers.
Carbohydrates can be used to produce ATP much more quickly than TAGS can.
TAGS are a much more efficient way to store energy (you can get more ATP on a
"per weight" basis).
Blueberries have proanthocyanidins, which contain catechin monomer, dimer, and trimer, and polymers of flavan-3-ol. Proanthocyanidins have bacterial anti-sticking properties that create a thin wall of protection on tissues. This anti-sticking property helps prevent pathogens that act against the stomach wall and tooth enamel. There are also antioxidant properties that are more effective than vitamin E and C. Blueberries also contain manganese which is a crucial mineral for human functioning. Manganese is a component of the bone. An intake of manganese helps structure and strengthen the human bones.
provide at least one alternative food item that provides one or more of the same macromolecules and/or minerals. Is your alternative healthier than the original selection? Are there any associated physiological disorders if one or more of the minerals provided were lacking from an individual’s diet?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Fill in the following concept map to review the...Ch. 5 - Label the parts of the following diagram...Ch. 5 - Which best describes the structure of a cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 5 - The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times...Ch. 5 - The synthesis of ATP from ADP and a. stores energy...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion across a membrane requires...Ch. 5 - What are the main types of cellular work? How does...Ch. 5 - Why is the barrier of the activation energy...Ch. 5 - Relate the laws of thermodynamics to living...
Ch. 5 - How do the components and structure of cell...Ch. 5 - Sometimes inhibitors can be harmful to a cell;...Ch. 5 - Cells lining kidney tubules function in the...Ch. 5 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Mercury is known to inhibit...Ch. 5 - A biologist performed two series of experiments on...Ch. 5 - Organophosphates (organic compounds containing...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The American Heart Association and other health organizations have concluded that consumers should get their antioxidants from foods rather than supplements. They add that taking supplements may even be harmful. Supplement manufacturers claim that such statements are unfair and that their natural botanical extracts provide numerous health benefits. In fact, some suggest that beneficial effects can only be achieved by taking high-dose supplements. Given that there are currently no DRI defining the kinds of antioxidants or the daily quantities needed, how might you ensure a healthy intake of antioxidants? If you decide to take an antioxidant supplement, how might you research the product to determine its safety and effectiveness?arrow_forwardPlastic additives known as phthalates are odorless, colorless, and everywhere-in flooring, plastic cups, beach balls, plastic wrap, IV tubing-and yes, they've made their way into our bodies. If this sounds like the opening for an alien horror movie, the story actually gets worse. Study after study shows that phthalates have nasty effects on the human body, disrupting our metabolic and hormonal activity. Even families that were given local, fresh, organic food that was not prepared, cooked, or stored in plastic containers ended up with high levels of phthalates and BPA in their diet because these chemicals had already made their way into the food ingredients prior to cooking. 1. What are some serious metabolic and hormonal disorders that phthalates are responsible for? 2. Why Bisphenol A, also known as BPA is considered another endocrine-disrupting chemical? What does it cause? 3. BPA is replaced by BPS; is the latest safe, or the industry is replacing a toxic chemical with another, yet…arrow_forwardThe nonprotein heme group sits in the active site of the hemoglobin enzyme. The heme group facilitates the reaction of the enzyme and is required to be present for the reaction to occur. Select the best answer. Question options: Heme is an example of allosteric inhibition. Heme is an example of a product. Heme is an example of a noncompetitive inhibitor. Heme is an example of a cofactor Heme is an example of a competitive inhibitor.arrow_forward
- Regarding the mechanism of action of chymotrypsin, the formation of a strong hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group (serine amino acid) increase its: Basicity Nucleophilicity All the answers are correct Electron densityarrow_forwardAcid phosphatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human blood serum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyze biological phosphate esters as follows in the picture Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver, and prostate gland. The enzyme from the prostate gland is clinically important because an increased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostate gland.Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostate gland, but not acid phosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostate gland in human blood serum?arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to orthophosphate drives biosynthetic reactions such as DNA synthesis. In Escherichia coli, a pyrophosphatase catalyzes this hydrolytic reaction. The pyrophosphatase has a mass of 120 kDa and consists of six identical subunits. A unit of activity for this enzyme, U, is the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 10 umol of pyrophosphate in 15 minutes. The purified enzyme has a Vnax of 2800 U per milligram of enzyme. When (S] >> KM, how many micromoles of substrate can 1 mg of enzyme hydrolyze per second? Vnas umol-s. mg-! max If each enzyme subunit has one active site, how many micromoles of active sites, or (E]r, are there in 1 mg of enzyme? (Er= umol · mg-!arrow_forward
- Which protein of the following has a catalytic role? Antibody Enzyme Collagen Hormonearrow_forwardCarboxypeptidase A, an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of a proteins uses Zn2+. The mineral Zn2+sits in the active site of the Carboxypeptidase A enzyme. The Zn2+ facilitates the reaction of the enzyme and is required to be present for the reaction to occur. Select the best answer. Question 28 options: Zn2+ is an example of allosteric inhibition. Zn2+ is an example of a product. Zn2+ is an example of a noncompetitive inhibitor. Zn2+ is an example of a cofactor Zn2+ is an example of a competitive inhibitor.arrow_forwardImagine you need to write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of caffine. Find 5 pieces of source material that you could integrate into your essay. According to the CRAAP criteria, say which sources would be suitable and which wouldn't and why.arrow_forward
- Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme that is targeted for treating infections. DHFR catalyzes the reduction of Vitamin B9 (see structure below) to tetrahydrofolate using NADPH. Tetrahydrofolate is involved in the synthesis of raw material for cell proliferation and growth. DHFR inhibitors are commonly used for fighting malaria and other protozoal infections, as well as for treating fungal and bacterial. Recently, methotrexate has been found to be a good anti-cancer drug. Propose a reasonable explanation as to why methotrexate would act this way.arrow_forwardA laboratory in Japan performed a similar experiment on earthworms from different localities of the Japanese archipelago, but instead of linking trypsin activity within worms to anatomical features, they were interested in geographical differences in the ability of the worms to breakdown environmental pollutants using the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. The protocol was similar to the one you used, except that enzyme activity was measured from 100 µl of worm extract. Data obtained are displayed below: Locality Replicate Amount of product Concentration of total protein in worm extract (µg/ml) liberated over 10 minutes (pmol) Hokkaido 1 101 4 87 3 3 107 4 4 88 3 5 89 Hon-shu 1 126 2 2 120 3 3 156 4 4 153 5 5 119 4 Куu-shu 1 103 4 2 99 5 3 94 4 108 3 5 110 5 Okinawa 1 88 3 2 90 4 3 96 4 100 112 5 5 3 From the data in the table, calculate the specific activity of polyphenol oxidase (in units of umol/min/mg protein) from each locality, presenting the data as mean + standard error (n=5).arrow_forwardThe carboxylase activity of RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide. Group of answer choices: True Falsearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions
Nursing
ISBN:9781305441620
Author:WOODROW
Publisher:Cengage
USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License