Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 14TYK
SCIENTIFIC THINKING Mercury is known to inhibit the permeability of water channels. To help establish that the protein isolated by Agre’s group was a water channel (see Module 5.7), the researchers incubated groups of RNA-injected oocytes (which thus made aquaporin proteins) in four different solutions: plain buffer, low concentration and high concentration of a mercury chloride (HgCl2) solution, and low concentration of a mercury solution followed by an agent (ME) known to reverse the effects of mercury. The water permeability of the cells was determined by the rate of their osmotic swelling. Interpret the results of this experiment, which are presented in the graph below.
Data from G. M. Preston et al., Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein, Science 256: 3385–7 (1992).
Control oocytes not injected with aquaporin RNA were also incubated with buffer and the two concentrations of mercury. Predict what the results of these treatments would be.
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Table 4. 1.a Diffusion through a Semi-permeable Membrane.
Observation
Before Immersion
After 15 minutes of Immersion
Starch solution in the cellophane
Iodine in the beaker
Table 4.1.b Reaction of Starch to lodine Solution
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Table 4.2. Osmosis
Solutions
Test Tube 1: 0.9% NaCl
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Observe Shape of Red Blood Cells
Drawing
Test Tube 2: Distilled Water
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Test Tube 3: 3% NaCl
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Conclusion
In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A (see Figure below). Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules
a) Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol.
b) As a result of this chemical potential difference, water molecules will move from compartment B to compartment A. This causes the pressure in compartment A, relative to that in B, to increase. How would this affect the chemical potential of water in compartment B? When would the diffusion of water from B to A cease (i.e. equilibrium is achieved)?
c) Using your answer to part (b), work out the difference between the pressure in compartment A and B when…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Fill in the following concept map to review the...Ch. 5 - Label the parts of the following diagram...Ch. 5 - Which best describes the structure of a cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 5 - The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times...Ch. 5 - The synthesis of ATP from ADP and a. stores energy...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion across a membrane requires...Ch. 5 - What are the main types of cellular work? How does...Ch. 5 - Why is the barrier of the activation energy...Ch. 5 - Relate the laws of thermodynamics to living...
Ch. 5 - How do the components and structure of cell...Ch. 5 - Sometimes inhibitors can be harmful to a cell;...Ch. 5 - Cells lining kidney tubules function in the...Ch. 5 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Mercury is known to inhibit...Ch. 5 - A biologist performed two series of experiments on...Ch. 5 - Organophosphates (organic compounds containing...
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