Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 10TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Comparisons of amino acid sequences can shed light on the evolutionary divergence of related species. If you were comparing two living species, would you expect all proteins to show the same degree of divergente? Why or why not? Justify your answer.
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Which of the following statments are correct about protein evolution (select all that apply)?
A.
Most proteins only contain one structural domain
B.
Most naturally occurring mutations in a protein domain will substantially disrupt the structure
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D.
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It is becoming possible for molecular biologists to synthesizealmost any protein desired. Suppose you use a phylogenetic treeof modern-day enzymes (e.g., Figure 2.21B) to predict the aminoacid sequence of a now-nonexistent ancestral enzyme form.What insights might you obtain by synthesizing the ancestralenzyme protein?
Molecular Biology
Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary relationships because
most animals have this protein. Cytochrome c is made of 104 amino acids joined together.
Below is a list of the amino acids in part of a cytochrome protein molecule for 9 different animals. Any
sequences exactly the same for all animals have been skipped.
For each non-human animal, take a highlighter and mark any amino acids that are different than the human
sequence. When you finish, record how many differences you found in the table on the next page.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 5.1 - What are the four main classes of large biological...Ch. 5.1 - How many molecules of water are needed to...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? If you eat a piece of fish, what...Ch. 5.2 - Write the formula for a monosaccharide that has...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.2 - WHAT IF? After a cow is given antibiotics to...Ch. 5.3 - Compare the structure of a fat (triglyceride) with...Ch. 5.3 - Why are human sex hormones considered lipids?Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.4 - What parts of a polypeptide participate in the...
Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5.4 - WHAT IF? Where would you expect a polypeptide...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.6 - How would sequencing the entire genome of an...Ch. 5.6 - Given the function of DNA, why would you expect...Ch. 5 - What is the fundamental basis for the differences...Ch. 5 - Compare the composition, structure, and function...Ch. 5 - Why are lipids not considered to be polymers or...Ch. 5 - Explain the basis for the great diversity of...Ch. 5 - What role does complementary base pairing play in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6CRCh. 5 - Which of the following categories includes all...Ch. 5 - The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 5 - The structural level of a protein least affected...Ch. 5 - Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the...Ch. 5 - The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What...Ch. 5 - Which of the following pairs of base sequences...Ch. 5 - Construct a table that organizes the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 5 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Comparisons of amino acid...Ch. 5 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Suppose you are a research...Ch. 5 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Proteins, which...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Given that the function...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Molecular Biology Cytochrome c is a protein found in mitochondria. It is used in the study of evolutionary relationships because most animals have this protein. Cytochrome c is made of 104 amino acids joined together. Below is a list of the amino acids in part of a cytochrome protein molecule for 9 different animals. Any sequences exactly the same for all animals have been skipped. For each non-human animal, take a highlighter and mark any amino acids that are different than the human sequence. When you finish, record how many differences you found in the table on the next page. 42 43 44 46 47 49 50 53 54 55 56 57 Human A Y S T. А K N G Chicken Q A E S T. K K G Horse A P D K N K G Tuna Q E F Frog A А S D K N K G Shark A Q T. D K S K Turtle Q A E F K N K G Monkey Q А Y T. K Rabbit Q А V F D K N K G 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 100 101 102 103 104 Human G E D M E K A T N E Chicken G E D M D A Horse T K E E T L M E K A T N E Tuna V E T L R E K Frog T. G E T L M E S A K Shark Q E L R K A A…arrow_forwardIf DNA analysis of a gene shows it has 20% adenine (A), what percent of the other bases does it have? Cytosine (C): Guanine (G): Thymine (T): Uracil (U): 6. Now for a sense of size. Rank the following from smallest (1) to largest (6): gene, cell, chromosome, atom, nucleus, nucleotidearrow_forwardA comparison of the aligned amino acid sequences of two proteins each consisting of 150 amino acids reveals them to be only 8% identical. However, their threedimensional structures are very similar. Are these two proteins related evolutionarily? Explainarrow_forward
- Read the scenario. An evolutionary biologist performs a research project in which she analyzes a specific blood protein found in most mammals. In her analysis, she determined that the protein is made from a sequence of 88 amino acids. She identified each of the specific amino acids that make up the blood protein for five different organisms (A-E). Below is a table that shows the results. The numbers in the table represent the number of amino acids that match when comparing two different organisms. For example, if you compare organisms A and B, you will see that they have 31 amino acids that match. Organisms A B C D E A X 31 42 8 65 B 31 X 14 3 10 C 42 14 X 72 43 D 8 3 72 X 19 E 65 10 43 19 X Using the data above, which two organisms are the most closely related?A. organisms A and DB. organisms A and…arrow_forwardIf you wanted to estimate the molecular weight of a newly isolated protein (no known amino acid sequence) as close to its actual molecular weight as possible, what technique might you use and please explain why.arrow_forwardRead the scenario. An evolutionary biologist performs a research project in which she analyzes a specific blood protein found in most mammals. In her analysis, she determined that the protein is made from a sequence of 88 amino acids. She identified each of the specific amino acids that make up the blood protein for five different organisms (A-E). Below is a table that shows the results. The numbers in the table represent the number of amino acids that match when comparing two different organisms. For example, if you compare organisms A and B, you will see that they have 31 amino acids that match. Organisms A B C D E A X 31 42 8 65 B 31 X 14 3 10 C 42 14 X 72 43 D 8 3 72 X 19 E 65 10 43 19 X Using the data above, which two organisms are the most closely related? a organisms A and D b organisms A and E c organisms B and D d organisms C and Darrow_forward
- We need a string-matching-based approach to identifying protein homologies between several proteins. In what way does it function? With what evidence do you back up your assertion?arrow_forwardSequence is less evolutionary conserved than three-dimensional structure. Why?arrow_forwardAnalysis of the evolution of proteins reveals that Glycine and Cystiene are often conserved. For each, describe why this may be the case. Give an example of an amino acid that is not as likely to be conserved, and explain the rationale for why.arrow_forward
- Comparisons of amino acidsequences can shed light on the evolutionary divergence ofrelated species. If you were comparing two living species, wouldyou expect all proteins to show the same degree of divergence?Why or why not? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardSuppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that the percentage of identical residues has been calculated. How would you interpret each of the following results in regard to the possible divergence of the two proteins from a common ancestor? (a) 80% (b) 50% (c) 20% (d) 10%arrow_forwardwell-conserved regions in multiple sequence aligmements: a. are areas of structural importance b. are areas of both functional and structural importance c. are likely to be areas of functional and/or structural importance d. are areas of functional importancearrow_forward
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