Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 46.4, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Chemical elements, such as nitrogen and carbon flow in a cycle. They move from the physical environment to the organisms’ body and then back to the environment, from the cycle started. To transport the chemicals in the ecosystem, biogeochemical cycles are involved in the process.
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Net primary productivity refers to
the rate of energy storage as organic matter by autotrophs after respiration is deducted
the total rate of photosynthesis, or energy assimilated, by autotrophs
the amount of accumulated organic matter found in an area at a given time
the production of new tissues and offspring by heterotrophs
Which of the following is true of trophic relationships in an ecosystem?
All energy in the food chain is ultimately transferred to top level carnivores
Most of the useable energy transferred between trophic levels is maintained--very little is
lost
The trophic pyramid predicts that top level carnivores should have the least amount of
biomass in an ecosystem
Net productivity is typically a measure of over-all photosynthesis in an ecosystem
Which of the following is true about energy flow in ecosystems on Earth?
99% of energy that reaches the earth is used to drive the process of photosynthesis
Only about 10% of energy is moved from one trophic level to the next, while the remaining is lost as heat
A very small amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth is scattered or reflected
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be destroyed, but it can be created in plants
Chapter 46 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 46.1 - If the population pyramid in (a) was inverted,...Ch. 46.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 46.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.1 - The total fertility rate is highest in Latin...Ch. 46.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 46.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 46.7 - Prob. 2BCCh. 46.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 1TYCh. 46 - Prob. 2TYCh. 46 - Prob. 3TYCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYCh. 46 - Prob. 5TYCh. 46 - Prob. 6TYCh. 46 - Prob. 7TYCh. 46 - Prob. 8TYCh. 46 - Prob. 9TYCh. 46 - Prob. 10TYCh. 46 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 46 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 46 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 46 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 46 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Which trophic level in an aquatic ecosystem would contain the greatest amount of usable energy? Primary consumers located 150 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 80 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 45 meters below sea level. Primary consumers located 40 meters below sea level.arrow_forwardThe limiting nutrient in an ecosystem is the nutrient; that is the most scarce nutrient that is needed for more growth to occur that is limited however is not needed by many organisms in the system is almost always carbon dioxide is almost always nitrogen gasarrow_forwardWithin an ecosystem, the total amount of energy produced initially by primary producers will be _ the total amount of energy lost as heat and respiration across all trophic levels, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. more than unequal to equivalent to less thanarrow_forward
- Availability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels.Why?arrow_forwardZooplankton feed on microscopic surface-dwelling plants Plankton are microscopic organisms on the surface of water Gastropods can hide under the sand during high tide Individual organism that is made of cells Phytoplankton are microscopic plant surface dwellers Organisms are interacting with one another Life forms are adapted on land, air, and water Birds have stronger wings for long distance travel Gastropods have shells Group of organisms which interbreed Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... ◆ + + + ◆ ◆ ◆ →arrow_forwardNet primary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem, after subtracting energy lost in inedible plant tissues. respiration by primary producers. dead plant tissues. O respiration by primary consumers. inefficiencies of photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- A class is studying the tropic levels of an ecosystem. The pyramid of biomass shown is a model of these trophic levels. Which of the following is the best explanation of the available energy at each of the trophic levels in this ecosystem ? ANSWER CHOICES ARE IN THE PHOTO. thanks.arrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the tropic levels and relative sizes of productivity and biomass at four trophic levels. How can the size of the biomass in bottom trophic level be smaller than those of the tropic levels above? Biomassarrow_forwardYou will be examining the relationship among organisms inhabiting a small lake. Examine the “Lake Inhabitants” sheet for information about the organisms found in the lake. What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the aquatic plants in the lake? What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the bluegill in the lake? Looking at the organisms associated with the lake, organize them into three trophic groups: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Separate the consumers into three subcategories: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Create 3 different food chains found within the lake. Food chain #1 should contain 3 organisms, food chain #2 should contain 4 organisms, and food chain # 3 should contain 5 organisms. The arrows should point in the direction the energy is flowing through the food chain. You can either use the “>” as your arrow or the Insert Symbol function to insert an arrow into your food chains. As the energy flows through each trophic…arrow_forward
- Primary producers Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers and decomposers Which of the following statements is true for different trophic levels in ecosystems? Between 80% and 90% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. Primary consumers consume less biomass than secondary consumers. Productivity increases with each trophic level. Between 10% and 20% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. Production of biomass (g/m2/year) 3 30 200 1000arrow_forwardThe biogeochemical cycles are: Thermodynamic processes that end in the same process in which they started. They are cycles that describe the different types of energy in an ecosystem. They are phases through which the chemical elements pass in the form of molecules through the air and water. Those that represent the continuous circulation of various nutrients.arrow_forwardWhat is needed to recover balance in the food chain? How can this be achieved in this specific situation?arrow_forward
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