Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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You will be examining the relationship among organisms inhabiting a small lake. Examine the “Lake Inhabitants” sheet for information about the organisms found in the lake.
- What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the aquatic plants in the lake?
- What biotic and abiotic factors will affect the bluegill in the lake?
- Looking at the organisms associated with the lake, organize them into three trophic groups: producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Separate the consumers into three subcategories: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
- Create 3 different food chains found within the lake. Food chain #1 should contain 3 organisms, food chain #2 should contain 4 organisms, and food chain # 3 should contain 5 organisms. The arrows should point in the direction the energy is flowing through the food chain. You can either use the “>” as your arrow or the Insert Symbol function to insert an arrow into your food chains.
- As the energy flows through each trophic level, how much energy is lost from the food chain as heat?
- What happens to the number of organisms as they go up through the trophic levels? Explain why this occurs.
Transcribed Image Text:**Lake Inhabitants**
| **Organism** | **Food Source** |
|-----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Aquatic Bacteria | Animal waste, dead plants and animals |
| Aquatic Fungi | Animal waste, dead plants and animals |
| Phytoplankton (Algae and other photosynthetic organisms) | Sun |
| Aquatic Plants | Sun |
| Largemouth Bass | Young - Zooplankton & insects Adult - Fish, crayfish, and frogs |
| Bluegill | Young - Zooplankton Adult - Insect larvae, crayfish, leeches, snails, small fish |
| Bullheads (catfish) | Aquatic plants, algae, insects, worms, fish eggs & small fish |
**Explanation of Images:**
1. **Aquatic Bacteria:** The image shows microscopic organisms that help decompose waste material in the lake.
2. **Aquatic Fungi:** Depicted as thread-like structures, fungi play a role in breaking down dead organic matter.
3. **Phytoplankton:** The image displays a collection of microscopic algae that perform photosynthesis, serving as a primary food source in aquatic environments.
4. **Aquatic Plants:** This image shows a variety of underwater plants that use sunlight for photosynthesis, contributing to oxygen production in the water.
5. **Largemouth Bass:** Illustrated holding a fish, this species is a predator at the top of the lake's food chain, preying on smaller aquatic animals.
6. **Bluegill:** A colorful fish depicted in the image, the bluegill is both a predator of smaller organisms and prey for larger fish.
7. **Bullheads (catfish):** Shown as a bottom-feeder, this species has a varied diet including plants and small aquatic animals.
Transcribed Image Text:### Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Food Web
#### Organisms and Their Diets
1. **Crayfish**
- **Diet:**
- *Young:* Zooplankton
- *Adult:* Fish, snails, insects, plant matter, detritus*
2. **Zooplankton (Ostracods & others)**
- **Diet:** Detritus* & Phytoplankton
3. **Mosquito larvae**
- **Diet:** Plankton & Bacteria
4. **Dragonfly & Damselfly nymphs**
- **Diet:** Other aquatic insects, worms, crustaceans, small fish, tadpoles
5. **Aquatic Worms**
- **Diet:** Detritus* & Bacteria
6. **Leeches**
- **Diet:** Detritus*, insect larvae, snails & worms
7. **Snail**
- **Diet:** Phytoplankton, detritus* & aquatic plants
8. **Frog**
- **Diet:**
- *Young:* Algae & detritus*
- *Adult:* Insects, snails, small fish, & worms
---
9. **Salamander**
- **Diet:** Worms, insects, & other invertebrates
10. **Raccoon**
- **Diet:** Plants, frogs, fish, crayfish, & turtles
11. **Snapping Turtle**
- **Diet:** Fish, crayfish, frogs, aquatic birds, plants, & some carrion
12. **Mallard**
- **Diet:** Seeds & plant, insects, crustaceans, algae & small fish
13. **Great Blue Heron**
- **Diet:** Small fish, frogs, salamanders & insects
---
*Note: Detritus includes the tiny particles of plant and animal matter with the associated bacteria and fungi.*
### Explanation of Graphs or Diagrams
This diagram presents a detailed depiction of an aquatic and semi-aquatic ecosystem food web. Each organism is accompanied by an image and a list of dietary preferences, demonstrating the complexity of food relationships in these environments. The diagram aids in understanding the role of each organism within the ecosystem by illustrating their feeding habits and connections to other species.
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