Phase I of a Clinical Trial A clinical test on humans of a new drug is normally done in three phases. Phase I is conducted with a relatively small number of healthy volunteers. For example, a phase I test of bexarotene involved only 14 subjects. Assume that we want to treat 14 healthy humans with this new drug and we have 16 suitable volunteers available.
a. If the subjects are selected and treated one at a time in sequence, how many different sequential arrangements are possible if 14 people are selected from the 16 that are available?
b. If 14 subjects are selected from the 16 that are available, and the 14 selected subjects are all treated at the same time, how many different treatment groups are possible?
c. If 14 subjects are randomly selected and treated at the same time, what is the
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 4 Solutions
Elementary Statistics Third California Edition
- Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?arrow_forward1. Suppose that, in Example 2.27, 400 units of food A, 600 units of B, and 600 units of C are placed in the test tube each day and the data on daily food consumption by the bacteria (in units per day) are as shown in Table 2.6. How many bacteria of each strain can coexist in the test tube and consume all of the food? Table 2.6 Bacteria Strain I Bacteria Strain II Bacteria Strain III Food A 1 2 0 Food B 2 1 1 Food C 1 1 2arrow_forwardCustomer Preference Two movie theatres that show several different movies each night compete for the same audience. Of the people who attend theatre A one night, 10 will attend again the next night and 5 will attend Theatre B the next night. Of the people who attend Theatre B one night, 8 will attend again the next night and 6 will attend Theatre A the next night. Of the people who attend neither theatre one night, 3 will attend Theatre A the next night and 4 will attend Theatre B the next night. Find and interpret the steady state matrix for this situation.arrow_forward
- c) A pharmaceutical company conducts an experiment to test the effect of a new cholesterol medication. The company selects 15 subjects randomly from a larger population. Each subject is randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Within each treatment group, subjects receive a different dose of the new medication. In Group 1, subjects receive 0 mg/day; in Group 2, 50 mg/day; and in Group 3, 100 mg/day. At a=0.05 does dosage level have a significant effect on cholesterol level? Group 1 (0 mg): 210, 240, 270, 270,300 Group 2 (50mg): 210, 240, 240, 270,270 Group 3 (100mg): 180, 210, 210, 210,240arrow_forwardHurricane damage: In August and September 2005 , Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, and of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. In a sample of 370 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 65 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 173 residents who had not participated in the cleaning, 22 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms is greater among those who participated in the cleaning of flood-damaged homes? Let p1 denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who had cleaned flood-damaged homes and p2 denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms…arrow_forwardSubject: stetarrow_forward
- Hurricane damage: In August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, and of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. In a sample of 365 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 52 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 180 residents who had not participated in the cleaning,42 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that there is a difference between the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who cleaned flood-damaged homes and those who did not participate in the cleaning? Let p1 denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who had cleaned flood-damaged homes and p2 denote the proportion of residents with…arrow_forwardHurricane damage: In August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, and of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. In a sample of 360 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 67 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 180 residents who had not participated in the cleaning, 40 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that there is a difference between the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who cleaned flood-damaged homes and those who did not participate in the cleaning? Let p1 denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who had cleaned flood-damaged homes and p2 denote the proportion of residents with…arrow_forwardA pharmaceutical company conducts an experiment to test the effect of a new cholesterol medication. The company selects 15 subjects randomly from a larger population. Each subject is randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Within each treatment group, subjects receive a different dose of the new medication. In Group 1, subjects receive 0 mg/day; in Group 2, 50 mg/day; and in Group 3, 100 mg/day. After 30 days, doctors measure the cholesterol level of each subject. The results for all 15 subjects appear in the table below: Dosage Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 O mg 50 mg 100 mg 210 210 180 240 240 210 270 250 220 270 270 210 300 270 240 (a) Perform an appropriate test to test whether there are differences among the mean cholesterol level by three different doses of the new medication at 5% level of significance. (b) Compute the p-value and indicate whether it leads to the same conclusion.arrow_forward
- Ophthalmology, Diabetes Suppose a study of incidence rates of blindness among insulin-dependent diabetics reported that the annual incidence rate of blindness per year was 0.68% among 30- to 39-year-old male insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) and 0.75% among 30- to 39-year-old female insulin-dependent diabetics. USE SALT (a) If a group of 160 IDDM 30- to 39-year-old men is followed, what is the probability that exactly 2 will go blind over a 1-year period? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (b) If a group of 160 IDDM 30- to 39-year-old women is followed, what is the probability that at least 2 will go blind over a 1-year period? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) What is the probability that a 30-year-old IDDM male patient will go blind over the next 10 years? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (d) After how many years of follow-up would we expect the cumulative incidence of blindness to be 10% among 30-year-old IDDM women, if the incidence rate remains…arrow_forwardGreen Tea and Prostate Cancer A preliminary study suggests a benefit from green tea for those at risk of prostate cancer. The study involved 60 men with PIN lesions, some of which turn into prostate cancer. Half the men, randomly determined, were given 600 mg a day of a green tea extract while the other half were given a placebo. The study was double-blind, and the results after one year are shown in the table below. Treatment Cancer No Cancer Green Tea 1 29 Placebo 9 21 (a) Test at a 5% significant level to see if the sample provide evidence that taking green tea extract reduces the risk of developing prostate cancer. (b) Find 98% confidence interval for the difference between two population proportions of men with PIN lesions who get prostate cancer after taking green tea extract and after taking placebo for a year. Interpret the C.I. result.arrow_forwardIn a study of hypnotic suggestion, 16 male volunteers were randomly allocated to a treatment groupand a control group. Each subject participated in a two-phase experimental session. In the first phase, respiration was measured while the subject was awake and at rest. In the second phase, the subject was told to imagine that he was performing muscular work, and respiration was measured again. For subjects in the treatment group, hypnosis was induced between the first and second phases; thus, the suggestion to imagine muscular work was “hypnotic suggestion” for treatment subjects and “waking suggestion” for control subjects. The table below shows the measurements of total ventilation (liters of air per minute per square meter of body area) for all 16 subjects. (a) For those being hypnotized (treatment group), test the hypotheses H0: μrest = μwork versus Ha:μrest 6= μwork, where μrest and μwork are respectively the mean total ventilation when they are atrest and when they are performing…arrow_forward
- Elementary Linear Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305658004Author:Ron LarsonPublisher:Cengage LearningLinear Algebra: A Modern IntroductionAlgebraISBN:9781285463247Author:David PoolePublisher:Cengage LearningFunctions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL