Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Technology Update
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305401969
Author: SERWAY, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 43.1, Problem 43.1QQ
For each of the following atoms or molecules, identify the most likely type of bonding that occurs between the atoms or between the molecules. Choose from the following list: ionic, covalent, van der Waals, hydrogen. (a) atoms of krypton (b) potassium and chlorine atoms (c) hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecules (d) chlorine and oxygen atoms in a hypochlorite ion (ClO−)
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A
+ Given that
B
7-10-
==
13) Suppose that the interaction energy between two atoms is given by E (r)
the atoms from a stable molecule with an internuclear distance of 0.3 nm and a dissociation energy
of 4 eV, calculate A and B. Also calculate the force require to break the molecule and the critical
distance between the nuclei for which this occurs.
The study of the properties of molecules involves determining a molecule's three-dimensional, geometrical arrangement or molecular structure Molecular structure is described in terms of bond distances and bond angles. A bond distance is defined as the distance of the straight line connecting the nuclei of two bonded atoms. A bond angle is the angle between any two bonded distances that include a common atom.
Find the bond angle between the hydrogen atoms in a CH4 molecule if the carbon atom is at (0.5,0.5,0.5) and the hydrogen atoms are at (0,0,0), (1,1,0), (1,0,1), and (0,1,1)
You are tutoring a bright student in his last semester of
introductory physics. The particular topic of the day is
bonding in solids. When your session begins, the student
hands you a slip of paper with the following equation
printed on it:
U, = -ak,
1
m
He says that he found this equation in his online studying
and that it is described as an expression for the ionic cohesive
energy of a crystal formed by ionic bonding. He asks you to
derive this equation.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Technology Update
Ch. 43.1 - For each of the following atoms or molecules,...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 43.2QQCh. 43.2 - Prob. 43.3QQCh. 43 - Prob. 1OQCh. 43 - Prob. 2OQCh. 43 - Prob. 3OQCh. 43 - Prob. 4OQCh. 43 - Prob. 5OQCh. 43 - Prob. 6OQCh. 43 - Prob. 7OQ
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1CQCh. 43 - Prob. 2CQCh. 43 - Prob. 3CQCh. 43 - Prob. 4CQCh. 43 - Prob. 5CQCh. 43 - Prob. 6CQCh. 43 - Prob. 7CQCh. 43 - Prob. 8CQCh. 43 - Discuss models for the different types of bonds...Ch. 43 - Prob. 10CQCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4PCh. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 6PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 12PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 14PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 16PCh. 43 - The nuclei of the O2 molecule are separated by a...Ch. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - Prob. 25PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 31PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 34PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 36PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 38PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 40PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 43PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45PCh. 43 - Prob. 46PCh. 43 - Prob. 47PCh. 43 - Prob. 49PCh. 43 - Prob. 50PCh. 43 - Prob. 51PCh. 43 - A direct and relatively simple demonstration of...Ch. 43 - Prob. 53PCh. 43 - Prob. 54APCh. 43 - Prob. 55APCh. 43 - Prob. 56APCh. 43 - Prob. 57APCh. 43 - Prob. 58APCh. 43 - Prob. 59APCh. 43 - Prob. 61APCh. 43 - Prob. 62APCh. 43 - Prob. 63CPCh. 43 - As an alternative to Equation 43.1, another useful...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
What is a concept?
Integrated Science
What is the maximum magnetic intensity in a plane electromagnetic wave whose maximum electric intensity is 100 ...
Introduction To Health Physics
What discovery in the 15th century greatly advanced progress in science?
Conceptual Physical Science Explorations
You have a summer job at your universitys zoology department, where youll be working with an animal behavior ex...
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
60. The solar system is 25,000 light years from the center of our Milky Way galaxy. One light year is the dista...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
The temperature of the Universe at recombination was about 3000 K. Use Wien’s law to calculate the peak wavelen...
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Determine the strength of the electric field needed to induce a dipole moment of 1.2 mD in a molecule with a polarizability of 2.31 x 10-40 J-1 C2 m2. Express your answer in units of MV/m with two decimals.arrow_forward(a) In an HCl molecule, take the Cl atom to be the isotope 35Cl. The equilibrium separation of the H and Cl atoms is 0.127 46 nm. The atomic mass of the H atom is 1.007 825 u and that of the 35Cl atom is 34.968 853 u. Calculate the longest wavelength in the rotational spectrum of this molecule. (b) What If? Repeat the calculation in part (a), but take the Cl atom to be the isotope 37Cl, which has atomic mass 36.965 903 u. The equilibrium separation distance is the same as in part (a). (c) Naturally occurring chlorine contains approximately three parts of 35Cl to one part of 37Cl. Because of the two different Cl masses, each line in the microwave rotational spectrum of HCl is split into a doublet as shown in Figure P42.11. Calculate the separation in wavelength between the doublet lines for the longest wavelength.arrow_forwardFor the preceding problem, sketch the potential energy versus separation graph for the bonding of K+ and Fl- ions, (a) Label the graph with the energy required to transfer an electron from K to FI. (b) Label the graph with the dissociation energy.arrow_forward
- 2. A sodium chloride molecule has an Na-Cl distance of 236.1 pm (recall 1 pm is 10-12 m.) In this ionic molecule, the effective charges of the ions are +1.3x10-19 C for the Na and -1.3x10-19 C for the Cl (the charge is a little less than the charge of an electron because the chlorine doesn't remove the electron from the sodium completely, sharing it just a little bit.) 2 A* a. b. C. d. e. 1mm Na Cl 1mm Find the dipole moment of the NaCl molecule. What is the magnitudes and directions of the electric force on a proton placed at each of the locations of the test points, A and B? *B What is the magnitude and direction of the electric force on the molecule and due to a proton placed at test point A? How large (magnitude) is the potential difference between two points in line with the molecule, as shown below, where point A is 1 mm from the Na and point B is 1 mm from the Cl? Is the potential higher at A or B? Provido physicaarrow_forwardThe surface of an ideal molecule of table salt (NaCl) is a square with a chemical structure as shown in the figure. The blue spheres represent Na+ ions and the green spheres represent Cl− ions. Consider only points A, B, C, and D. What is the magnitude of the net electrostatic force on the chlorine ion at point A due to the sodium ions at points B and C? Note: the bond length is 0.282 nm. (N)arrow_forward11. a) Determine which planes in an fcc structure have the highest density of atoms. b) Evaluate this density in atoms/cm² for Cu. 12. Repeat Problem 11 for Fe, which has a bcc structure. 13. Show that the maximum packing ratio in the diamond structure is n/3/16. [Hint: The structure may be viewed as two interpenetrating fcc lattices, arranged such that each atom is surrounded by four other atoms, forming a regular tetrahedron.]arrow_forward
- A sample of copper has a mass of 10.68 g when measured in air. It has a mass of 9.47 g when measured in water. Answer these four questions: What is the density of the sample? How many atoms are in the sample? What is the simple volume of the space including and surrounding each atom? Assume the atoms are evenly distributed throughout the sample. That is no FCC, BCC, or HCP crystal structure. What is the diameter of each atom?arrow_forwarda. Label the below energy diagram and draw the density of states (DoS). To do so, assign a, b, c, and d to an atom, solid, small molecule, and large molecule. Then draw the density of states expected based on the diagram in the box on the right (including axis labels for both the x and y axes). Label the conduction and valence bands of the metal. You may redraw the whole or any parts of the diagram on a separate piece of paper. b. C. d. Draw DoS in box!arrow_forward3. Show that in an ideal hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure, where the atomic spheres touch each other, the ratio c/a is given by :-()* ( 8 \ 1/2 = 1.633. (The hep structure is discussed in Section 7.) 4 The packing ratio is defined as the fraction of the total volume of the cell that is filled by atoms. Determine the maximum values of this ratio for equal spheres located at the points of simple-cubic, body-centered-cubic, and face-centered-cubic crystals.arrow_forward
- (b) Describe the nature and origin of various forces existing between the atoms of a crystal. Explain the formation of a stable bond using the potential energy versus interatomic distance curve. Assume that the potential energy of two particles in the field of each other is given by U(R) = - R where A and B are constants. R9 (i) Show that the particles form a stable compound for R= R. = (9B/A)/8 (R, is equilibrium separation) i) Show that for stable configuration, the energy of attraction is nine times the energy of repulsion. 8A (iii) Show that the potential energy of the system under stable configuration is 9Rearrow_forwardny If the bonding energy, in terms of (r), between two ions is (2-1), x and y are constant and n is an integer number. a) Find the repulsive and attractive forces between the two ions. b) If the bonding energy between the two ions at the equilibrium state is given as Find the smallest distance between the two ions to achieve the state of equilibrium. ny. 2) 1-narrow_forward1. A model for the potential energy interaction between the two nitrogen atoms in the N2 molecule is proposed that has the form: v(4) = 4E, (4)* - ()'] 12 a. Find the position of the potential minimum and its value there, in terms of o and Eo, respectively. What do these parameters represent physically about the molecule? b. Draw a hand sketch of V(r) showing rmin, V(rmin) and where V crosses the r axis. c. If the atom is disturbed from its equilibrium by a small amount, show that the 7.56. frequency of oscillation is w = d. For molecular nitrogen, the bond length is 1.1 x 10-1°m, the bond (binding) energy is 9.79 eV (15.66 x 10-19 J), the mass is 14 amu = 23.38 x 10-27 kg. In the spectroscopy laboratory, this vibration is measured to be 8.8 x 1013 Hz. Is this a good model for the interatomic potential? (Recall o = 2n times frequency in Hz) where m is the mass of a nitrogen atom.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY