Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 41.1, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: Why vitamins are required only in a very small amount.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are organic molecules and essential nutrient for an organism. Amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, and minerals are essential nutrients for an organism to perform biological functions. Vitamins are required in a small quantity.
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 41.1 - An animal requires 20 amino acids to make...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 41.1 - WHAT IF? If a zoo animal eating ample food shows...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 41.2 - In what sense are nutrients from a recently...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41.3 - Explain why a proton pump inhibitor, such as the...Ch. 41.3 - Thinking about our nutritional needs and feeding...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 41.4 - What features of a mammal's digestive system make...Ch. 41.4 - WHAT IF? "Lactose-intolerant" people have a...Ch. 41.5 - Explain how people can become obese even if their...Ch. 41.5 - WHAT IF? Suppose you were studying two groups of...Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 41 - Prob. 41.1CRCh. 41 - Propose an artificial diet that would eliminate...Ch. 41 - Prob. 41.3CRCh. 41 - How does human anatomy indicate that our primate...Ch. 41 - Prob. 41.5CRCh. 41 - Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol....Ch. 41 - The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect...Ch. 41 - Which of the following organs is incorrectly...Ch. 41 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 41 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 41 - After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a...Ch. 41 - If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch,...Ch. 41 - DRAW IT Create a flowchart to summarize the events...Ch. 41 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Lizards and snakes cannot...Ch. 41 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In human populations of...Ch. 41 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Hair is largely...Ch. 41 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Hummingbirds are well...
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- Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that when a substrate binds to an enzymes active site, (a) it fits perfectly, like a key in a lock (b) the substrate and enzyme undergo conformational changes (c) a site other than the active site undergoes a conformational change (d) the substrate and the enzyme become irreversibly bound to each other (e) c and darrow_forwardInquiry and Analysis Do Enzymes Physically Attach to Their Substrates? When scientists first began to examine the chemical activities of organisms, no one knew that biochemical reactions were catalyzed by enzymes. The first enzyme was discovered in 1833 by French chemist Anselme Payen. He was studying how beer is made from barley: First, barley is pressed and gently heated so its starches break down into simple two-sugar units; then yeasts convert these units into ethanol. Payen found that the initial breakdown requires a chemical factor that is not alive and that does not seem to be used up during the process-a catalyst. He called this first enzyme diastase (we call it amylase today). Did this catalyst operate at a distance, increasing the reaction rate all around it, much as raising the temperature of nearby molecules might do? Or did it use physical contact, actually attaching to the molecules whose reaction it catalyzed (its "substrate")? The answer was discovered in 1903 by French…arrow_forwardSelect all that apply. Which of the following are not properties of enzymes? not required to sustain the life of an organism sensitive to pH and temperature of their environment able to interact with all compounds or substrates large proteins with a special surface patternarrow_forward
- Practice Mira Gendy 1 of 1 Directions: This short free-response question requires about 6 minutes to answer. The question is worth 3 points. Read the question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form. Outlines, bulleted lists, or diagrams alone are not acceptable. II Substrate Concentration [S] The graph above shows the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction at different substrate concentrations in the presence of a constant concentration of the enzyme. Connect the primary structure of the enzyme to its overall shape. I U x X2 5 Initial Rate of Reactionarrow_forwardNeed explanation in detailsarrow_forward6X9 X What are the steps for an enzyme to create a product in order: 1. The energy of activation is lowered so the reaction can happen quicker. 2. Substrate attaches to the active site. 3. The product is created and released from the active site. 4. The energy of activation is lowered so the reaction can happen slower. 5. A specific substrate attaches to the active site. Selected Answer: Answers: 5 -- 4 --> 3 5--1--> 3 2 1 -> 3 5 -- 4 --> 3 2--> 4 --> 3arrow_forward
- An enzyme mechanism generates a positive charge in the transition state. Stabilization of the transition state would be increased by the presence of [Select] destabilization would be increased by the presence of [Select ] Q Search **** do 4arrow_forwardPlz asap with respect to above dataarrow_forwardWhat is activation energy?arrow_forward
- dits description. Each term can only be used once. ( Choose] [Choose) on induced fit the free energy of activation, or aclivation energy nds. substrates enzyme-substrate complex on enzyme active site d its description. Each term can only be used once. Chioie pimagepegarrow_forwardsapling learning (a) Identify the group in pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) that covalently binds enzyme and substrate. Hint A B _H OH Previous CH3 (b) Aminotransferases (transaminases) must deaminate one amino acid and add an amino group to another amino acid during transamination. How do the two processes differ? Map The second part of the reaction (adding an amino group) is the reverse of the first (deamination). The second part of the reaction takes place at a separate amino acid residue in the active site. The first reaction involves the formation of a Schiff base, whereas the second does not. The coenzyme PLP must be activated by an external amino group before it can catalyze the removal of the amino group from the first amino acid. Give Up & View Solution Check Answer Next Exitarrow_forwardEnzyme Investigation An enzyme was isolated from digestive juices taken from the small intestine. An experiment was set up to test the ability of the enzyme to break down protein. Two test tubes, labeled A and B, were placed in a hot water bath at 37°C, human body temperature. Test tube A contained only protein and test tube B contained protein and the enzyme. The chart below shows the set-up. After two hours, the contents of both test tubes were analyzed. Test tube A showed only the presence of protein. Test tube B showed the presence of the end products of protein digestion, indicating the enzyme had successfully broken down the protein. Identify the end products of protein digestion that made up the contents of test tube B after the two hours.arrow_forward
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