Concept explainers
To describe: Mechanism involved in the action of antidepressant medication (molecules).
Introduction: Antidepressant molecules are used to reduce stress and alleviate mood. The exact mechanism of action is not known, but their action at the chemical synapse is well known. Synapse helps in the conduction of electrical impulse by the presence of neurotransmitters.
To describe: Mechanism involved in action of antidepressant medication (molecules).
Introduction: Antidepressant molecules are used to reduce stress and alleviate mood. The exact mechanism of action is not known, but their action at the chemical synapse is well known. Synapse helps in the conduction of electrical impulse by the presence of neurotransmitters.
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Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Multi-cell recordings from the human motor cortex can be used to guide a robotic arm. Discuss BCI and action control: a) How the woman controls the robotic arm b) She has been paralyzed for over 20 years, but this BCI system still works for her. What does that mean? c) What kinds of information do motor neurons code?arrow_forwardneurotransmitters 1 In what way may drugs be used to affect neurotransmitters? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. A drug may prevent the binding of a neurotransmitterto a receptor. b, A drug may increase the amount of neurotransmitter released. A drug may prevent the release of aneurotransmitter, d. A drug may affect the degradation of a neurotransmitter Drugemay affect neurotranemitters usng al of the mechanismslsted. Unansweredarrow_forwardSubject: Neurophysiology Batrachotoxin OPENS Na+ channels. If this is added to a bath solution in a Neuromuscular junction preparation a. What would happen to the nerve resting membrane potential? b. Do you think that the toxin interacts with activation or inactivation gates? Why? c. Na ion influx is massive with Batrachotoxin. Would you predict a change in nerve cell volume? Why?arrow_forward
- The therapeutic effect of Aricept (generic donepezil) is due toA: binding of the drug to voltage-gated sodium channels.C: the drug producing an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane.D: the drug causing the reuptake of acetylcholine at the synapse.E: the drug maintaining higher concentrations of acetylcholine at synapsearrow_forwardA. Is an action potential more or less likely when the consumption of the Fugu toxin and is stimulated with a neuron with a supra-threshold stimulus? B. Which (flaccid or tonic) is the result in this case? What would be the associated physical symptoms of this condition? C. Briefly describe the pharmacological/clinical/commercial uses of this toxin and its derivatives.arrow_forwardE. ACTION POTENTIAL Describe what happens in each phases of action potential and explain the following events in the illustration below. 3. Peak action potential +30 Repolarization Threshold of excitation -55 2 1 Hyperpolarization -70 Resting potential 4 Time [Enter description here] Membrane potential (mV)arrow_forward
- F B D Match the labelled synapse structure with the correct structure or function. Place the correct number in each blank. Use each letter only once. • Synaptic vesicle containing the neurotransmitters Postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite • Synaptic cleft Receptor site for the neurotransmitter on the dendrite Axon terminal Mitochondria, which supply ATP for synthesis of transmittersarrow_forwardArrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. Example: SENDING NEURON B 1. lon channel opens Synepto SYNAPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft SYNAPTIC CLEFT RECEVING HEURC4 Neurotransmitter 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chennels Neurotransmtter Reseptor deurotranemitter brohen down and sa sd 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor BOns 前 命 5. Action potential arrives 6. lon channel closes the obeicos in the bo y belo M (A narrow_forwardGive a detailed, step-by-step description of the stages of an action potential, including a description of and explanation for the refractory periods and the rising and falling phases as well as return to rest. In your explanation, make sure to include 1) summation principles, 2) key membrane potentials (values), 3) location of voltage changes along the membrane, 4) states of the various voltage-gated channels. The more detail, the better. There are 5 main steps.arrow_forward
- Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct sequence for transmission at a chemical synapse? 1. neurotransmitter binds with receptor 2. sodium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm 3. action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane 4. ion channel opens to allow particular ion to enter cell 5. synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 O 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 O4, 3, 1, 2, 5 O 3, 2, 5, 1, 4arrow_forwardConsider the circuit from Q5 (above). We want to add another inhibitory neuron to this circuit to increase the likelihood that neuron D will have an action potential. With which cell (A, B, C or D) should our new inhibitory neuron make a synapse to make it more likely that the post - synaptic neuron will have anaction potential?The diagram below shows a simple neural circuit with three pre - synaptic cells labelled 'A', 'B' and 'C', and a post - synaptic cell labelled 'D ' (see image below). Assume neurons A and B each have outputs of +2 and neuron C has output of -1.arrow_forwardGive 2 examples of drugs which target neurotransmitter release or reuptake.(expect from cocaine and Prozac). Explain the mechanisms of action.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning