Chemistry Atoms First2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172647
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 80E
As a general rule, MX molecules (where M represents a central atom and X represents terminal atoms; n = 2 − 5) are polar if there is one or more lone pairs of electrons on M. NH3 (M = N, X = H, n = 3) is an example. There are two molecular structures with lone pairs that are exceptions to this rule. What are they?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry Atoms First2e
Ch. 4 - Does a cation gain protons to form a positive...Ch. 4 - Iron(III) sulfate [Fe2( SO 4)3] is composed of...Ch. 4 - Which of the following atoms would be expected to...Ch. 4 - Which of the following atoms would be expected to...Ch. 4 - Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed...Ch. 4 - Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed...Ch. 4 - Write the electron configuration for each of the...Ch. 4 - Write the electron configuration for the monatomic...Ch. 4 - Write out the full electron configuration for each...Ch. 4 - From the labels of several commercial products,...
Ch. 4 - Why is it incorrect to speak of a molecule of...Ch. 4 - What information can you use to predict whether a...Ch. 4 - Predict which of the following compounds are ionic...Ch. 4 - Explain the difference between a nonpolar covalent...Ch. 4 - From its position in the periodic table, determine...Ch. 4 - From its position in the periodic table, determine...Ch. 4 - From their positions in the periodic able, arrange...Ch. 4 - From their positions in the periodic table,...Ch. 4 - Which atoms can bond to sulfur so as to produce a...Ch. 4 - Which is the most polar bond? (a) CC (b) CH (c) NH...Ch. 4 - Identify the more polar bond in each of the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following molecules or ions contain...Ch. 4 - Name the following compounds: (a) CsCl (b) BaO (c)...Ch. 4 - Name of the following compounds: (a) NaF (b) Rb2O...Ch. 4 - Write the formulas of the following compounds: (a)...Ch. 4 - Write the formulas of the following compounds: (a)...Ch. 4 - Write the formulas of the following compounds: (a)...Ch. 4 - Write the formulas of the following compounds: (a)...Ch. 4 - Each of the following compounds contains a metal...Ch. 4 - Each of the following compounds contains a metal...Ch. 4 - The following ionic compounds are found in common...Ch. 4 - The following ionic compounds are found in common...Ch. 4 - What are the IUPAC names of the following...Ch. 4 - Write the Lewis symbols for each of the following...Ch. 4 - Many monatomic ions are found in seawater,...Ch. 4 - Write the Lewis symbols of the ions in each of the...Ch. 4 - Iii (he Lewis structures listed here, M and X...Ch. 4 - Write the Lewis structure for the diatomic...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) H2...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) O2...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) ClF3...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) SeF6...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures for: (a) PO43 (b) ICl4 (c)...Ch. 4 - Correct the following statement: The bonds in...Ch. 4 - Write Lewis structures for the following molecules...Ch. 4 - Methanol, H3COH, is used as the fuel in some race...Ch. 4 - Many planets in our solar system contain organic...Ch. 4 - Carbon tetrachloride was formerly used in fire...Ch. 4 - Identify the atoms that correspond to each of the...Ch. 4 - The arrangement of atoms in several biologically...Ch. 4 - A compound with a molar mass of about 28 g/mol...Ch. 4 - A compound with a molar mass of about 42 g/mol...Ch. 4 - Two arrangements of atoms are possible for a...Ch. 4 - How are single, double, and triple bonds similar?...Ch. 4 - Write resonance forms that describe the...Ch. 4 - Write resonance forms that describe the...Ch. 4 - Write the resonance forms of ozone, Q3, the...Ch. 4 - Sodium nitrite, which has been used to preserve...Ch. 4 - In terms of the bonds present, explain why acetic...Ch. 4 - Write the Lewis structures for the following, and...Ch. 4 - Toothpastes containing sodium hydrogen carbonate...Ch. 4 - Determine the formal charge of each element in the...Ch. 4 - Determine the formal charge of each element in the...Ch. 4 - Calculate the formal charge of chlorine in the...Ch. 4 - 54. Calculate the formal charge of each element in...Ch. 4 - Draw all possible resonance structures for each of...Ch. 4 - Based on formal charge considerations, which of...Ch. 4 - Based on formal charge considerations, which of...Ch. 4 - Based on formal charge considerations, which of...Ch. 4 - Draw the structure of hydroxylamine, H3NO, and...Ch. 4 - Iodine forms a series of fluorides (listed here)....Ch. 4 - Write the Lewis structure and chemical formula of...Ch. 4 - Which of the following structures would we expect...Ch. 4 - Sulfuric acid is the industrial chemical produced...Ch. 4 - Explain why the HOH molecule is bent, whereas the...Ch. 4 - What feature of a Lewis structure can be used to...Ch. 4 - Explain the difference between electron-pair...Ch. 4 - Why is the HNH angle in NH3 smaller than the HCH...Ch. 4 - Explain how a molecule that contains polar bonds...Ch. 4 - As a general rule, MX molecules (where M...Ch. 4 - Predict the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 4 - Identify the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 4 - What are the electron-pair geometry and the...Ch. 4 - Predict the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 4 - Identify the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 4 - Predict the electron pair geometry and the...Ch. 4 - Which of the following molecules and ions contain...Ch. 4 - Which of these molecules and ions contain polar...Ch. 4 - Which of the following molecules have dipole...Ch. 4 - Identify the molecules with a dipole moment: (a)...Ch. 4 - The molecule XF3 has a dipole moment. Is X boron...Ch. 4 - The molecule XCl2 has a dipole moment. Is X...Ch. 4 - Is the Cl2BBCl2 molecule polar or nonpolar?Ch. 4 - There are three possible structures for PCl2F3...Ch. 4 - Describe the molecular structure around the...Ch. 4 - Draw the Lewis structures and predict the shape of...Ch. 4 - A molecule with the formula AB2, in which A and B...Ch. 4 - A molecule with the formula AB3, in which A and B...Ch. 4 - Draw the Lewis electron dot structures for these...Ch. 4 - What is the molecular structure of the stable form...Ch. 4 - A compound with a molar mass of about 42 g/mol...Ch. 4 - Use the simulation...Ch. 4 - Use the simulation...Ch. 4 - Use the Molecule Shape simulator...Ch. 4 - Use the Molecule Shape simulator...Ch. 4 - Use the Molecule Shape simulator...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A basketball player dribbling clown the court usually keeps his eyes fixed on the players around him. He is mov...
College Physics
Predict whether a precipitation reaction will occur when aqueous solutions of the following substances are mixe...
CHEMISTRY-TEXT
a. Prepare a molecular orbital energy-level diagram for NO showing clearly how the atomic orbitals interact to ...
Inorganic Chemistry
A source of electromagnetic radiation produces infrared light. Which of the following could be the wavelength ...
Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
a. Which compound has the stretching vibration for its carbonyl group at the highest frequency: acetyl chloride...
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Consider the balanced equation: 2N2H4(g)+N2O4(g)3N2(g)+4H2O(g) Complete the table with the appropriate number o...
Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S. In each case, a central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhich of these molecules have an odd number of valence electrons: NO2, SCl2, NH3, NO3?arrow_forwardConsider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2, SO3, NF3, IF3, CF4, SF4, XeF4, PF5, TF5, and SCl6. These 12 compounds are all examples of different molecular structures. Draw the Lewis structures for each and predict the molecular structures. Predict the bond angles and the polarity of each. (A polar molecule has a net dipole moment, while a nonpolar molecule does not.) See Exercises 25 and 26 for the molecular structures based on the trigonal bipyramid and the octahedral geometries.arrow_forward
- Formamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following molecules are polar. Draw the molecular structure of each polar molecule, including the arrows that indicate the bond dipoles and the molecular dipole moment. (a) HCN (b) I2 (c) NOarrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Indicate which molecules are polar and which are nonpolar. (a) SeO2 (b) N2O (N is the central atom) (c) SCl4arrow_forwardPredict die molecular structure and bond angles for each molecule or ion in Exercises 88 and 94. a. POCl3, SO42, XeO4, PO43, ClO4 b. NF3, SO32, PO33, ClO3 c.ClO2, SCl2, PCl2 d. Considering your answers to parts a, b, and c. what conclusions can you draw concerning the structures of species containing the same number of atoms and the same number of valence electrons? (O3), sulfur dioxide, and sulfur trioxide.arrow_forwardIt is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forward
- The molecule shown here. 2-furylmelhanethiol, is responsible for the aroma of coffee: (a) What are the formal charges on the S and O atoms? (b) Give approximate values of angles 1, 2, and 3. (c) Which are the shorter carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule? (d) Which bond in this molecule is the most polar? (e) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (f) The four C atoms of the ring are all in a plane. Is the O atom in that same plane (making the five-member ring planar), or is the O atom bent above or below the plane?arrow_forwardConsider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2, SO3, NF3, IF3, CF4, SF4, XeF4, PF5, IF5, and SCl6. These 12 compounds arc all examples of different molecular structures. Draw the Lewis structures for each and predict the molecular structure. Predict the bond angles and the polarity of each. (A polar molecule has a net dipole moment, while a nonpolar molecule docs not.) See Exercises 115 and 116 for the molecular structures based on the trigonal bipyramid and the octahedral geometries.arrow_forwardPredict the molecular structure and bond angles for each molecule or ion in Exercises 87 and 93. a. CCl4 b. NCl3 c. SeCl2 d. ICl a. NO2, NO3, N2O4 (N2O4 exists as O2NNO2.) b. OCN, SCN, N3 (Carbon is the central atom in OCN and SCN.)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY