Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277726
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 5TYC
Summary Introduction
Summary:
The concept of one gene codes for one protein, and each protein represents a separate gene is wrong. A gene can give rise to many proteins.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-
gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the
production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about
gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple
concept?
Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too.
Some genes code for RNA molecules only.
Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more
than one gene.
a and c, but not b
a, b, and c
Based on our modern understanding, what revisions are necessary to the original one-gene / one-enzyme hypothesis? (Check all that apply.)
Alternative splicing allows one gene to encode multiple polypeptides.
Some genes encode RNAs, not enzymes.
Some genes encode lipids, not enzymes.
Some genes encode polypeptides that are not enzymes, such as structural proteins.
Proteins as functional units may be composed of several polypeptides, so genes may encode just one polypeptide within a larger protein.
Enzymes are not encoded by genes after all — they are constructed through separate biochemical processes.
When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually more straightforward to compare genes by using the protein sequences of gene products rather than DNA sequences of the genes themselves. Explain why this is the case. (Write 5 points)
Chapter 4 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 4.1 - What are the three components of a nucleotide?...Ch. 4.1 - What governs the pattern of base paring in DNA?Ch. 4.1 - what is the difference between DNA and chromatin?Ch. 4.1 - Summarize the structural and functional...Ch. 4.1 - The general name of the monomers that compose DNA...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 4.1 - How DNA and protein are combined to form...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 4.1 - HOW RNA differs from DNA in structure and...
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 4.2 - Describe the roles of RNA polymerase ribosomes,...Ch. 4.2 - What is the difference between genetic...Ch. 4.2 - Summarize the processing of a protein from the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 4.2 - The organization of nucleotides into DNA triplets;...Ch. 4.2 - How the genetic code relates mRNA codons to...Ch. 4.2 - The process and outcome of genetic transcription,...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 4.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 4.3 - Describe the genetic roles of DNA helicase and DNA...Ch. 4.3 - Explain why DNA replication is called...Ch. 4.3 - Define mutation. Explain why some mutations are...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 4.3 - Semiconservative replication, the enzymes that...Ch. 4.3 - What a mutation is and how a cell detects and...Ch. 4.3 - The four stages of the cell cycle, what occurs in...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 4.3 - Cytokinesis and how it overlaps but differs from...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 4.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 4.4 - Why must the carrier of a genetic disease be...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 4.4 - Organization of the karyotype; the number of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 4.4 - Why a recessive trait can skip a generation, with...Ch. 4.4 - The differences between the genotype, genome, and...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 4.4 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 4.4 - Why it cannot be said that dominant alleles are...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 4 - Production of more than one phenotypic trait by a...Ch. 4 - When a ribosome reads a codon on mRNA, it must...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 4 - Two genetically identical strands of a metaphase...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 4 - Genetic transcription is performed by a....Ch. 4 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 4 - Semiconservative replication occurs during a....Ch. 4 - Mutagens sometimes cause no harm to cells for all...Ch. 4 - The cytoplasmic division at the end of mitosis is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 4 - The cytoplasmic granule of RNA and protein that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 4 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 4 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 4 - Steroids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 4 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 4 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 4 - The law of complementary base pairing describes...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 4 - All mutations result m the production of defective...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 4 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 4 - Why world the supercoiled, condensed form of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 4 - Given the information in this chapter, present an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYC
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Similar questions
- When the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in the human cells that there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forwardAccording to the Central Dogma, genes are the blueprints for making proteins. Each gene (humans have 21,325) contains a single “coded message” of DNA bases (A, T, G, & C) attached in a specific order, which the cell “reads” to create an mRNA molecule that is then translated into protein. Knowing this, EXPLAIN how a SINGLE gene can make different proteins in different cells.arrow_forwardAll the cells of one organisms share the genome. However, during development, some cells develop into skin cells while others develop into muscle cells. How can the same genetic instructions result in two different cell types in the same organism? Thoroughly explain your answer.arrow_forward
- In Avery et al.’s experiments, they used a general proteinase that can break down many types of protein, rather than a protein-degrading enzyme that broke down only one type of protein. Why was this still not sufficient to show that protein was not the genetic material?arrow_forwardPlease use information from the text below and your knowledge of biology to answer the final two (2) questions. In 2003, as a result of the Human Genome Project, the complete sequence of all the bases in human DNA was released to the public. Although knowing the entire sequence of bases has proven valuable, scientists are currently working to map genes. Mapping genes involves determining the exact location of each gene. Since much of human DNA does not code for a protein, it is challenging to figure out which segments are actual genes. Often, scientists look at the percent composition of bases in a segment of DNA. If the segment of DNA has a large percentage of C and G bases (together over 50%), it is likely that it is a gene and codes for a protein. 9. A scientist analyzed the bases in a segment of DNA from a human skin cell to determine if it codes for a protein. The base A (Adenine) is 11% of the bases in this segment of DNA. Calculate the percentage of bases that would be C…arrow_forwardAll the cells of one organism share the same genome. However, during development, some cells develop into skin cells while others develop into muscle cells. Briefly explain how the same genetic instructions can result in two different cell types in the same organism.arrow_forward
- Please use information from the text below and your knowledge of biology to answer the final two (2) questions. In 2003, as a result of the Human Genome Project, the complete sequence of all the bases in human DNA was released to the public. Although knowing the entire sequence of bases has proven valuable, scientists are currently working to map genes. Mapping genes involves determining the exact location of each gene. Since much of human DNA does not code for a protein, it is challenging to figure out which segments are actual genes. Often, scientists look at the percent composition of bases in a segment of DNA. If the segment of DNA has a large percentage of C and G bases (together over 50%), it is likely that it is a gene and codes for a protein. 10. Is it likely this segment of DNA codes for a protein? State 'yes' or 'no' AND support your answer using information from the text.arrow_forwardThe following image depicts a short stretch of sequence associated with a gene. Which of the following is true?arrow_forwardWhat observations are consistent with the conclusion that DNA serves as the genetic material in eukaryotes? Select the four correct statements. a. DNA content and ploidy in various cell types( sperm and somatic cells) are related b. DNA is found to be the only macromolecule in eukaryotes that has different subunits. c. Gene transfer is a direct evidence as it has been facilitated by recombinant DNA techniques. d. The correlation of the action and absorption spectra of ultraviolet light support the interpretation that DNA is a genetic material. e. DNA is shown to be present in ribosomes, matrix, and nucleus, where genetic function is performed. f. DNA is shown to be present in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nucleus, where genetic function is performed.arrow_forward
- List and describe the processes that make up the central dogma of biology which provides the path for the flow of genetic information from DNA to the proteins that are synthesized and carry out the functions needed by the cell.arrow_forwardRefer to Figure 2 and compare this with the DNA model in Figure 1. a. In what ways are they similar? b. In what ways are they different? c. What is the biological significance of such differences? Why is the DNA referred to as the genetic material?arrow_forwardIs the following statement true or false?Why? “The flow of genetic information in the cell is alwaysDNA -> RNA -> protein.”arrow_forward
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