EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781305176386
Author: Snyder
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 4, Problem 4RQ
To determine
To Check: The reason behind the statement that makes it worth.
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‘‘Risk-averse people should only be averse to big gambles with a lot of money at stake. They should jump on any small gamble that is unfair in their favor.’’ Explain why this statement makes sense. Use a utility of income graph like Figure 4.1 to illustrate the statement. For a challenge, demonstrate the statement using a two-state graph like Figure 4.6.
Suppose a person chooses to play a gamble that is free to play. In this gamble, they have a 10% chance of
$100.00, and a 90% chance of nothing.
Their utility function is represented in the following equation:
U=W 1/2 where W is equal to the amount of "winnings" (or the income).
Suppose now Brown Insurance Company offers the person the option of purchasing insurance to insure they will
win the $100. What is the minimum amount Brown Insurance would charge you to insure your win?
0.90
O. 99
01
O 10
We learned that we can use choice between a gamble over someone's best and worst outcomes and getting an outcome of interest (like getting pizza) for certain as a way to assign numeric values to utility (on a scale of 0 to 1).
Using this method, if you are indifferent between the following:
A gamble that has a 0.3 chance of your best possible outcome (and no lower chance), and a 0.7 chance of your worst possible outcome.
Getting pizza for certain.
it means that your utility for getting pizza is:
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK INTERMEDIATE MICROECONOMICS AND ITS
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1TTACh. 4.2 - Prob. 2TTACh. 4.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1TTACh. 4.3 - Prob. 2TTACh. 4.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1.1TTACh. 4.3 - Prob. 1.2TTACh. 4.3 - Prob. 2.1TTACh. 4.3 - Prob. 2.2TTACh. 4.3 - Prob. 1.1MQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2.1MQCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3.1MQCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1TTACh. 4.4 - Prob. 2TTACh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4RQCh. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Prob. 7RQCh. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - Prob. 10RQCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10P
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- At a different table, Juan wins $600 in a blackjack game. Similarly, he has to choose between $600 or the chance to play a new game. In this game, Juan has a 60% chance of winning nothing and a 40% of winning $1,000. The following graph presents the utility function of Juan with respect to money: U(w) U(w) U(1,000) U(700) U(600) U(400) 400 600 700 1,000 w 10.2.2 1.0 point possible (graded, results hidden) By how much money would his winnings need to increase or decrease so that Juan is indifferent between the $600 and the new game? (in case of an increase, insert a positive number; in case of a decrease, insert a negative number).arrow_forwardSuppose you have $35,000 in wealth. You have the opportunity to play a game called "Big Bet/Small Bet." In this game, you first choose whether you would like to make a big bet of $15,000 of a small bet of $5,000. You then roll a fair die. If you roll a 4, 5, or 6, you win the game and earn $15,000 for the big bet or $5,000 for the small bet. If you roll a 1, 2, or 3, you lose and lose $15,000 for the big bet and $5,000 for the small bet the game Utility U₂ U₁ BEL 0 11 LATE EE ARTE Are the Small Bet and Big Bet considered fair bets? O Big Bet is fair, but Small Bet is not. No, both are not fair. Yes, both are fair. 20 OSmall Bet is fair, but Big Bet is not. G HA 1 35 D E 1 1 1 1 1 F 1 U 50 Income (thousands of dollars)arrow_forwardWhen consumers were given the opportunity to select a package of ground beef labeled “75% lean” or a package of ground beef labeled “25% fat,” most consumers chose “75% lean.” Why? What concept from the chapter does this illustrate? The reason is that consumers are swayed by cheap talk. Cheap talk is the concept. The reason is that consumers are much more likely to choose the alternative framed as the positive option. This is called a framing effect. The reason is that consumers infer the value of a product from positive advertising. This is called inference induction. The reason is that consumers respond better to higher numbers. They feel they are getting more because 75 is greater than 25. The concept is the endowment effect.arrow_forward
- Victoria founded a start-up several years ago, together with her Macedonian friends. At first, she was fairly poor and therefore very afraid of taking risks. Any negative shock could send the company into bankruptcy. Nowadays her business is thriving, stretching across several markets from Europe to Asia. Victoria no longer worries about taking monetary risks. In fact she enjoys a good gamble over horse races from time to time. How would you draw Victoria's utility function in a way that describes her changing taste for risk as her wealth increased? Please draw a graph and comment. Please do fast ASAP fastarrow_forwardCost-Benefit Analysis Suppose you can take one of two summer jobs. In the first job as a flight attendant, with a salary of $5,000, you estimate the probability you will die is 1 in 40,000. Alternatively, you could drive a truck transporting hazardous materials, which pays $12,000 and for which the probability of death is 1 in 10,000. Suppose that you're indifferent between the two jobs except for the pay and the chance of death. If you choose the job as a flight attendant, what does this say about the value you place on your life?arrow_forwardConsider two individuals, Dani and Tom. Dani's utility function is given by U(c)=In(c), where c is the amount of consumption in a given period. Tom's utility is U(c)=c^2 a) In two separate graphs, draw Dani and Tom's utility function (U in y-axis, c in x-axis). b) Both Dani and Tom can purchase a lottery that pays 5 with 75% probability, and 15 with 25% probability. Calculate and mark on the graphs the utility evaluated at the expected level of consumption for the lottery. Then calculate and mark on the graphs the expected utility for Dani and Tom. c) How do utilities at the expected level of consumption compare to the expected utility? What explains the difference between Dani and Tom? What implication does this difference have for their risk preferences?arrow_forward
- Scenario 2 Tess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function ( sqrt c) . Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. Refer to Scenario 2 Calculate Lex’s and Tess' expected utilities without insurance. (each one separated) Round to two decimal places for botharrow_forwardBehavioral economics suggests that people are more likely to take risks when given choices that are framed in terms of ________ rather than _______. (Fill in both blanks, separated by a comma.)arrow_forwardEconomic agents for example consumers or firms often do things Economic agents (for example, consumers or firms) often do things that at first glance seem to be inconsistent with their self-interest. People tip at restaurants and when they are on vacation even if they have no intention to return to the same place. Firms, sometimes, install costly pollution abatement equipment voluntarily. How can these deviations from Nash predictions be explained? Economic agents for example consumers or firms often do thingsarrow_forward
- Scenario 2 Tess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function (sqrt c) . Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. Refer to Scenario 2 Suppose that insurance companies do not know specific probabilities of adverse events for Tess or Lex, but do know the average probability of an adverse event. If they assumed that both Tess and Lex purchase full insurance, what is the actuarially fair premium charged? Round to two decimal placesarrow_forwardYou are considering two options for your next family vacation. You can visit Disney World or Chicago. Your utility from Disney World is 100 if the weather is clear, and 0 if it rains. Chicago is worth a utility of 70 if the weather is clear and a utility of 40 if the weather is rainy. Also assume that the chance of rain at Disney World is going to be 50% and the chance of rain in Chicago is 40%. As a utility maximizer, should you plan to go to Disney World or Chicago? (Explain using relevant equations)arrow_forwardAlex has a utility function U = W2, where W is his wealth in millions of dollars and U is the utility he obtains from that wealth. In the final stage of a game show, the host offers Alex a choice between (A) $9 million for sure, or (B) a gamble that pays $1 million with probability 0.4 and $16 million with probability 0.6. Use the blue curve (circle points) to graph Alex's utility function at wealth levels of $0, $1 million, $4 million, $9 million, and $16 million. Utility (Thousands) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Wealth (Millions of dollars) 16 18 20 V Utility Function (?)arrow_forward
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