Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.3PS
Toward an Artificial Cell. Scientists have recently constructed an artificial ribosome in vitro from purified ribosomal proteins and rRNAs. (Some of the following questions may require sleuthing in earlier chapters to answer.)
(a) What types of intermolecular forces do you think are holding the individual proteins and rRNAs together in this macromolecular complex?
(b) Describe how high temperature, high salt, or low pH would disrupt its structure, causing the ribosome to fall apart.
(c) If you were asked to determine which organism the ribosomal components were purified from, how could you do this?
(d) What other molecules would you have to add to the test tube for the ribosomes to make polypeptides?
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D. Two physical
5. A protein unfolds according to the scheme N
properties (property 1 and 2) are measured at three points in the unfolding
reaction where the true values of fp are 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8. The corresponding
values of K = fx/ fp are 1.0, 0.4 and 0.125. For property 1, d₁ = 0.1; for property
2, d₁ = 0.2.
(a) Write an equation that can be used to calculate fapp.
(b) Calculate fapp using d₁ = 0.1 (property 1) and fapp using d₁ = 0.2
(property 2).
(c) The error in measurement of each physical property is 5 %. Can
you detect the presence of the intermediate by measuring the
physical properties? Explain your answer
ILLUSTRATIONS
For each of the given proteins:
Draw the final location of the following proteins after being translocated.
Label the organelle (as well as the organelle parts/compartments) and the cytosol (if necessary) in order
to clearly depict the protein's location and orientation.
Label the amino and carboxyl ends of the protein.
Below your drawing, indicate:
.
.
a. the receptor/s
b. the energy source
c. if there is signal peptide cleavage or none
E. Mitochondrion
H₂N-MTS
ITS*
"Internal targeting sequence that has no cleavage site
-COOH
SALE
Using Fig. as a guide, draw the complete structure of a nucleoside triphosphate before and after it becomes incorporated into a polynucleotide chain. Draw the structure that would result if the newly formed phosphodiester bond were hydrolyzed.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Why do scientists currently believe that RNA,...Ch. 4 - You have discovered a new organism living in...Ch. 4 - If a scientist were studying a disease in which...Ch. 4 - Imagine that you are building an artificial...Ch. 4 - If viruses are nonliving particles, how can they...Ch. 4 - Wrong Again. For each of the following false...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2PSCh. 4 - Toward an Artificial Cell. Scientists have...Ch. 4 - Sentence Completion. Complete each of the...Ch. 4 - Telling Them Apart. Suggest a way to distinguish...
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- e.) ( acid buffer an appropriate choice? Why or why not? If I need to perform an enzymatic reaction at pH 6.5, is a citric )Describe the process of transcription in as much detail as possible using pictures and words beginning with a paired (duplexed) strand of DNA and ending with a processed mRNA which is ready for translation. 7.arrow_forwardFull length resilin that is not in a cell is thought by some to form a tertiary structure of this form (picture attached) The yellow portions represent exon 1 and the blue portions exon 3. These structures assemble into a kind of lattice or network. In full length resilin, stress in the form of mechanical pressure or heating to remove water results in a tighter network that excludes any water internally. How might this behavior of resilin produce its ‘elasticity’? Explain how the looser water containing structure and the tighter water excluding structure may give us a mechanism for the elasticity.arrow_forwardII. ILLUSTRATIONS. For each of the given proteins: . Draw the final location of the following proteins after being translocated. • Label the organelle (as well as the organelle parts/compartments) and the cytosol (if necessary) in order to clearly depict the protein's location and orientation. • Label the amino and carboxyl ends of the protein. Below your drawing, indicate: a. the receptor/s b. the energy source c. if there is signal peptide cleavage or none A. Chloroplast H₂N- *SS1 *SS2 -COOH *SS -signal sequencearrow_forward
- Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. The + side of a microtubule _____. Options: A) will be attached to the cell membrane B) will have a β subunit C) will have a high rate of polymerization than the - end D) will have an α subunit E) will have a lower rate of polymerization than the - endarrow_forwardName the three major assumptions made by the "Cell theory". (i) The lipid membrane is composed of lipid molecules. Explain the principle of membrane formation highlighting the role of the physical properties of the lipids. (ii) Comparing dimensions and length scales is often a first step in an analysis. Give an approximate value for the thickness of a lipid bilayer and the linear length of a helical turn of a DNA double helix.arrow_forward. Suppose you have two genetic variants of a large protein that differ only in that one contains a histidine (side chain pk, = 6.0) when the other has a valine (uncharged side chain). (a) Which would be better for separation: gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing? Why? (b) What pH would you choose for the separation?arrow_forward
- Initiation. Bacterial protein synthesis is initiated by: a. S-adenosylmethionyl tRNA b. Methionyl TRNA c. N-formylmethionyl tRNA d. N10-formyltetrahydrofolateN"-formyltetrahydrofolate †RNA „N10arrow_forwardeading list Cells have oligosaccharides displayed on their cell surface that are important for cell-cell recognition. Your friend has discovered a transmembrane glycoprotein, GP1, on a pathogenic fungal cell that is recognized by human immune cells. He decides to purify large amounts of GP1 by expressing it in bacteria. To his purified protein he then adds a branched 14-sugar oligosaccharide to the asparagine of the only Asn-X- Ser sequence found on GP1. Unfortunately, immune cells do not seem to recognize this synthesized glycoprotein. What's a likely explanation for this problem? O The oligosaccharide needs to be further modified before it's mature. O The oligosaccharide should've been added one sugar at a time. O The oligosaccharide needs a disulfide bond. O The oligosaccharideehould've been added to the serine instead of the asparagine.arrow_forward11:14 structure. They provide the matrix or ground substance of extracellular tissue spaces in which collagen and elastin fibers are embedded. Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin 4-sulfate, heparin, are among the important glycosaminoglycans. 10. Glycoproteins are a group of biochemically important compounds with a variable composition of carbohydrate (1-90%), covalently bound to protein. Several enzymes, hormones, structural proteins and cellular receptors are in fact glycoproteins. Chapter 2: CARBOHYDRATES SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES I. Essay questions 1. Define and classify carbohydrates with suitable examples. Add a note on the functions of carbohydrates. 2. Describe the structure and functions of mucopolysaccharides. 3. Give an account of the structural configuration of monosaccharides, with special reference to glucose. 4. Discuss the structure and functions of 3 biochemically important disaccharides. 5. Define polysaccharides and describe the structure of 3 homopolysaccharides. III. Fill…arrow_forward
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