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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Conformational analysis of
Concept introduction:
Conformers are molecules that differ only by a rotation of one part of the molecule about a single bond.
Conformation analysis is a study of energy changes that occur during the rotation about the
A Newman projection of a molecule is the representation of its three dimensional structure looking along the bond of interest. The atom at the front end, typically a carbon atom, is represented by a point. The bonds to the three groups attached to it converge on this point. The carbon atom at the back is represented by a circle, with the three bonds to its attached groups ending on the circle.
Depending on the relative positions of the groups on the front and the back carbon, the conformations are classified into two main types.
Eclipsed conformation is one in which the dihedral angle is
Depending on the presence and interactions between bulky groups, the staggered conformation is further divided into anti and gauche conformers. In the anti-conformation, the dihedral angle between bulky groups is
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Get Ready for Organic Chemistry
- Construct the chair structures with the molecular models for trans-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane. Find the energy of each conformer, the equilibrium constant Keq, and the percentage of each conformer at 25oC. Indicate which conformer is more stable.arrow_forwardsketch the various conformational isomers of 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane. Indicate the position (axial/equatorial) of each of the methyl groups in each structure.arrow_forwardDraw and name the five cycloalkane structures of formula C5H10. Can any of these structures give rise to geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? If so, show the cis and trans stereoisomersarrow_forward
- 1. a. Draw and name the five cycloalkane structures of formula C5H10. Can any of these structures give rise to geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? If so, show the cis and trans stereoisomers. b. Draw and name the eight cycloalkane structures of formula C6H12 that do not show geometric isomerism. c. Draw and name the four cycloalkanes of formula C6H12 that do have cis-trans isomers. 2. Each of the following descriptions applies to more than one alkane. In each case, draw and name two structures that match the description. (a) an isopropylheptane (b) a diethyldecane (c) a cis-diethylcyclohexane (d) a trans-dihalocyclopentane (e) a (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkane (f) a bicyclononane 3. 2. refer to the photo attached and answer the ff.3-33, 3-34arrow_forwardST12A.1 - Determine the temperature [in K] at which the relative proportion of molecules in axial and equatorial conformations in a sample of methylcyclohexane is 0.207. Note that we are talking about a ratio A:E rather than a typical percentage A/(A+E). The axial conformation is 6.0 kJ/mol higher than the equatorial configuration. Type your answer...arrow_forwardPyrethrins, such as jasmolin II (shown below), are a group of natural compounds that are synthesized by flowers of the genus Chrysanthemum (known as pyrethrum flowers) to act as insecticides. CH3 CH2=CH-CH. CH-C- -HCS 0-CH, CH,-C H2C- ČH, Which is not a functional group or structural feature in jasmolin II? cycloalkane carboxylic acid ester alkenearrow_forward
- Explain the concept of Cyclohexane Conformations ?arrow_forwardWrite a conformational structure for 1,2,3-trimethylcyclohexane in which all the methyl groups are axial and then show its more stable conformation.arrow_forwardName the cycloalkanes with molecular formula C6H12 that have a 3-membered ring and two substituents.arrow_forward
- Draw three cycloalkanes which are structural (constitutional) isomers of C6H12. At least one of these structures must be able to show cis/trans isomerism. Mark this example with an asterisk.arrow_forwardDraw the five cycloalkanes with the formula CSH10.arrow_forwardButanal (C4H&O) has eight H atoms. Suppose that any of these H atoms can be replaced by a Cl atom to yield a molecule with the formula C4H¬CIO. (a) Identify two H atoms where this substitution would yield constitutional isomers of C4H7CIO; (b) enantiomers of C4H;CIO; (c) conformers of C4H;CIO. H. H H H нн H Butanal O=Uarrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
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