Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Conformational analysis of propane is to be performed paying attention to the relative energies of the various conformations without considering the actual energy values.
Concept introduction:
Conformational analysis is the plot of a molecule’s energy as a function of the bond’s dihedral angle. The energy values for various angles of rotation are relative to that of the lowest-energy conformation. All the rotational conformations of a compound are illustrated by Newman projection, which is a two dimensional representation of a molecule viewed down the bond of interest. In a Newman projection, the bond of interest is not visible; instead, it must be imagined as connecting the front and back carbons. The nearer atom is depicted as a point while the more distant atom is depicted as a circle. Bonds to the front converge at the point, whereas bonds to the back atom connect to the circle. Each angle of rotation defines a particular dihedral angle,
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Chapter 4 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES & MECHANISM
- Draw three cycloalkanes which are structural (constitutional) isomers of C6H12. At least one of these structures must be able to show cis/trans isomerism. Mark this example with an asterisk.arrow_forwardA model of a cycloalkane appears in the window below. ball & stick + labels Which of the following represent structural isomers of the molecule shown in the model? Choose all that apply. n CH3-CHz-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2. CCH-CH2-CH3 CH CH2. ссH—сHз CH CHз CH2 CH-CH3 сн CH2 CHз Cнз CH- CH2arrow_forwardDraw and name the five cycloalkane structures of formula C5H10. Can any of these structures give rise to geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? If so, show the cis and trans stereoisomersarrow_forward
- 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is the name of the 100 octane rating in gasoline. Select this molecule and any isomer(s) that contain a five-carbon chain and three methyl substituents (branches).arrow_forwardFor the following, you must draw an appropriate structure that has the chemical formula C5H7O2Cl with the indicated functional group(s) and/or property. In each case, identify any other functional groups in the molecule you draw, that were not indicated in the question. You may use Lewis or bond- line structures to draw your molecules. You may not use the same structure to answer more than 1 question. a) An acyclic molecule that cannot form hydrogen bonds with itself b) A tertiary chloride c) A cyclic etherarrow_forwardExplain the concept of Cyclohexane Conformations ?arrow_forward
- Draw the staggered and eclipsed conformations that result from rotation around the C–C bond in CH3–CH2Br.arrow_forwardTo which family does this organic molecule belong? CH 3 CH 3 | N H₂C Alkane Amide Amine Alcohol CH 3arrow_forward1. Considering compounds that have the same number of carbon atoms, explain why alkanes and cycloalkanes have different molecular formulas but alkenes and cycloalkanes have the same molecular formulas. 2. Draw the condensed or line-angle structure for an alkene with the formula C5H10. 3. Draw the condensed or line-angle structure for 4 more C5H10 isomers (2 additional alkenes and 2 cyclic isomers).arrow_forward
- You are teaching a class in organic chemistry to grade 12 students. Outline the differences in 3 physical properties between alkanes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. Note: they all have the same hydrocarbon length.arrow_forwardThe name of a cycloalkane is 1-chloro-3-methylcycloheptane. Which of the following statements is incorrect about this compound? A) There are seven carbons in the ring. B) There is a methyl group on the third carbon of the ring. C) There is a Cl atom on the first carbon of the ring. D) This is a substituted cyclic alkane compound. E) All of these statements are correct to search 近arrow_forward(iii) In the presence of a suitable catalyst, 2-methylpropene forms a mixture of dimers. Two of these dimers react with hydrogen to form * 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Draw the skeletal formula for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Use this to draw the skeletal structure of one of the dimers formed from 2-methylpropene. 2,2,4-trimethylpentane Dimerarrow_forward
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