General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.20QP
Working with Concentration (Molarity Concepts)
Note: You should be able to answer all of the following questions without using a calculator.
Part 1:
- a Both NaCl and MgCl2 are soluble ionic compounds. Write the balanced chemical equations for these two substances dissolving in water.
- b Consider the pictures below. These pictures represent 1.0-L solutions of 1.0 M NaCl(aq) and 1.0 M MgCl2(aq). The representations of the ions in solution are the correct relative amounts. Water molecules have been omitted for clarity. Correctly label each of the beakers, provide a key to help identify the ions, and give a brief explanation of how you made your assignments.
Keeping in mind that the pictures represent the relative amounts of ions in the solution and that the numerical information about these solutions is presented above, answer the following questions c through f.
- c How many moles of NaCl and MgCl2 are in each beaker?
- d How many moles of chloride ions are in each beaker? How did you arrive at this answer?
- e What is the concentration of chloride ions in each beaker? Without using mathematical equations, briefly explain how you obtained your answer.
- f Explain how it is that the concentrations of chloride ions in these beakers are different even though the concentrations of each substance (compound) are the same.
Part 2: Say you were to dump out half of the MgCl2 solution from the beaker above.
- a What would be the concentration of the MgCl2(aq) and of the chloride ions in the remaining solution?
- b How many moles of the MgCl2 and of the chloride ions would remain in the beaker?
- c Explain why the concentration of MgCl2(aq) would not change, whereas the number of moles of MgCl2 would change when solution was removed from the beaker. As part of your answer, you are encouraged to use pictures.
Part 3: Consider the beaker containing 1.0 L of the 1.0 M NaCl(aq) solution. You now add 1.0 L of water to this beaker.
- a What is the concentration of this NaCl(aq) solution?
- b How many moles of NaCl are present in the 2.0 L of NaCl(aq) solution?
- c Explain why the concentration of NaCl(aq) does change with the addition of water, whereas the number of moles does not change. Here again, you are encouraged to use pictures to help answer the question.
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General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Which of the following would you expect to be...Ch. 4.1 - Determine whether the following compounds are...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.2CCCh. 4.2 - Write complete ionic and net ionic equations for...Ch. 4.3 - You mix aqueous solutions of sodium iodide and...Ch. 4.3 - Your lab partner tells you that she mixed two...Ch. 4.4 - Complete and balance the two chemical equations....Ch. 4.4 - Label each of the following as a strong or weak...Ch. 4.4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4.4 - Write molecular and net ionic equations for the...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5CCCh. 4.5 - Obtain the oxidation numbers of the atoms in each...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.9ECh. 4.7 - A sample of sodium chloride, NaCl, weighing 0....Ch. 4.7 - How many milliliters of 0. 163 M NaCl are required...Ch. 4.7 - How many moles of sodium chloride should be put in...Ch. 4.8 - You have a solution that is 1.5 M H2SO4 (sulfuric...Ch. 4.8 - Consider the following beakers. Each contains a...Ch. 4.9 - You are given a sample of limestone, which is...Ch. 4.10 - Nickel sulfate, NiSO4, reacts with sodium...Ch. 4.10 - A 5.00-g sample of vinegar is titrated with 0.108...Ch. 4.10 - Consider three flasks, each containing 0.10 mol of...Ch. 4 - Explain why some electrolyte solutions are...Ch. 4 - Define the terms strong electrolyte and weak...Ch. 4 - Explain the terms soluble and insoluble. Use the...Ch. 4 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of using...Ch. 4 - What is a spectator ion? Illustrate with a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7QPCh. 4 - Describe in words how you would prepare pure...Ch. 4 - Give an example of a neutralization reaction....Ch. 4 - Give an example of a polyprotic acid and write...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.12QPCh. 4 - Why is the product of molar concentration and...Ch. 4 - Describe how the amount of sodium hydroxide in a...Ch. 4 - What is the net ionic equation for the following...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution mixed with an...Ch. 4 - Which of the following compounds would produce the...Ch. 4 - In an aqueous 0.10 M HNO2 solution (HNO2 is a weak...Ch. 4 - The Behavior of Substances in Water Part 1: a...Ch. 4 - Working with Concentration (Molarity Concepts)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.21QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22QPCh. 4 - You come across a beaker that contains water,...Ch. 4 - Three acid samples are prepared for titration by...Ch. 4 - Would you expect a precipitation reaction between...Ch. 4 - Equal quantities of the hypothetical strong acid...Ch. 4 - Try and answer the following questions without...Ch. 4 - If one mole of the following compounds were each...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, predict the solubility in...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, predict the solubility in...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, decide whether the...Ch. 4 - Using solubility rules, decide whether the...Ch. 4 - Write net ionic equations for the following...Ch. 4 - Write net ionic equations for the following...Ch. 4 - Lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium sulfate...Ch. 4 - Lithium carbonate solution reacts with aqueous...Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write molecular and net...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write molecular and net...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following as a strong or weak...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following as a strong or weak...Ch. 4 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 4 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write the molecular...Ch. 4 - For each of the following, write the molecular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.47QPCh. 4 - Complete the right side of each of the following...Ch. 4 - Write molecular and net ionic equations for the...Ch. 4 - Write molecular and net ionic equations for the...Ch. 4 - The following reactions occur in aqueous solution....Ch. 4 - The following reactions occur in aqueous solution....Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - Write the molecular equation and the net ionic...Ch. 4 - Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted...Ch. 4 - Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted...Ch. 4 - Obtain the oxidation number for the element noted...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.58QPCh. 4 - Determine the oxidation numbers of all the...Ch. 4 - Determine the oxidation numbers of all the...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - In the following reactions, label the oxidizing...Ch. 4 - Balance the following oxidationreduction reactions...Ch. 4 - Balance the following oxidationreduction reactions...Ch. 4 - A sample of 0.0606 mol of iron(III) chloride,...Ch. 4 - A 50.0-mL volume of AgNO3 solution contains 0.0345...Ch. 4 - An aqueous solution is made from 0.798 g of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.70QPCh. 4 - What volume of 0.120 M CuSO4 is required to give...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72QPCh. 4 - An experiment calls for 0.0353 g of potassium...Ch. 4 - What is the volume (in milliliters) of 0.100 M...Ch. 4 - Heme, obtained from red blood cells, binds oxygen,...Ch. 4 - Insulin is a hormone that controls the use of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.77QPCh. 4 - Describe how you would prepare 2.50 102 mL of...Ch. 4 - You wish to prepare 0.12 M HNO3 from a stock...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.80QPCh. 4 - A 8.50 g sample of KCl is dissolved in 66.0 mL of...Ch. 4 - Calculate the concentrations of each ion present...Ch. 4 - A chemist added an excess of sodium sulfate to a...Ch. 4 - A soluble iodide was dissolved in water. Then an...Ch. 4 - Copper has compounds with copper(I) ion or...Ch. 4 - Gold has compounds containing gold(I) ion or...Ch. 4 - A compound of iron and chlorine is soluble in...Ch. 4 - A 1.345-g sample of a compound of barium and...Ch. 4 - What volume of 0.230 M HNO3 (nitric acid) reacts...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.90QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.91QPCh. 4 - How many milliliters of 0.250 M KMnO4 are needed...Ch. 4 - A solution of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is titrated...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.94QPCh. 4 - Magnesium metal reacts with hydrobromic acid to...Ch. 4 - Aluminum metal reacts with perchloric acid to...Ch. 4 - Nickel(II) sulfate solution reacts with sodium...Ch. 4 - Potassium sulfate solution reacts with barium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.99QPCh. 4 - Decide whether a reaction occurs for each of the...Ch. 4 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.102QPCh. 4 - Describe in words how you would do each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.104QPCh. 4 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 4 - Classify each of the following reactions as a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.107QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.108QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.109QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.110QPCh. 4 - A stock solution of potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7,...Ch. 4 - A 71.2-g sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, was...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.113QPCh. 4 - An aqueous solution contains 3.75% NH3 (ammonia)...Ch. 4 - A barium mineral was dissolved in hydrochloric...Ch. 4 - Bone was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, giving...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.117QPCh. 4 - An antacid tablet has calcium carbonate as the...Ch. 4 - A sample of CuSO45H2O was heated to 110C, where it...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.120QPCh. 4 - A water-soluble compound of gold and chlorine is...Ch. 4 - A solution of scandium chloride was treated with...Ch. 4 - A 0.608-g sample of fertilizer contained nitrogen...Ch. 4 - An antacid tablet contains sodium hydrogen...Ch. 4 - You order a glass of juice in a restaurant, only...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.126QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.127QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.128QPCh. 4 - Zinc acetate is sometimes prescribed by physicians...Ch. 4 - Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a poisonous acid that has...Ch. 4 - When the following equation is balanced by the...Ch. 4 - Identify each of the following reactions as being...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.133QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.134QPCh. 4 - A 25-mL sample of 0.50 M NaOH is combined with a...Ch. 4 - What is the molarity of pure water with a density...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.137QPCh. 4 - How many grams of precipitate are formed if 175 mL...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.139QPCh. 4 - Potassium hydrogen phthalate (abbreviated as KHP)...Ch. 4 - Lead(II) nitrate reacts with cesium sulfate in an...Ch. 4 - Silver nitrate reacts with strontium chloride in...Ch. 4 - Elemental bromine is the source of bromine...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.144QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.145QPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.146QPCh. 4 - Iron forms a sulfide with the approximate formula...Ch. 4 - A transition metal X forms an oxide of formula...Ch. 4 - What volume of a solution of ethanol, C2H6O, that...Ch. 4 - What volume of a solution of ethylene glycol,...Ch. 4 - A 10.0-mL sample of potassium iodide solution was...Ch. 4 - A 25.0-mL sample of sodium sulfate solution was...Ch. 4 - A metal, M, was converted to the sulfate,...Ch. 4 - A metal, M, was converted to the chloride MCl2....Ch. 4 - Phosphoric acid is prepared by dissolving...Ch. 4 - Iron(III) chloride can be prepared by reacting...Ch. 4 - An alloy of aluminum and magnesium was treated...Ch. 4 - An alloy of iron and carbon was treated with...Ch. 4 - Determine the volume of sulfuric acid solution...Ch. 4 - Determine the volume of sodium hydroxide solution...Ch. 4 - The active ingredients of an antacid tablet...Ch. 4 - The active ingredients in an antacid tablet...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.163QP
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