Introduction To Health Physics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780071835275
Author: Johnson, Thomas E. (thomas Edward), Cember, Herman.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.14P
To determine
The number of metric tons of uranium ore are required to generate 1 gram of radium if the extraction processis 90% efficient.
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Natural uranium is 0.7200% 235U and 99.27% 238U. What were the percentages of 235U and 238℃ in natural uranium when Earth
formed 4.5 x 109 years ago, respectively?
percentage 235U
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%
Mantles for gas lanterns are made of thorium, because it forms an oxide that can survive being made incandescent for long periods of time. Natural thorium is almost 100% 232Th, with a half-life of 1.405 ✕ 1010 y. If the average lantern mantle contains 350 mg of thorium, what is its activity?=____Bq
Tritium (t1/2 = 12.33 y) is mostly produced for military purposes. The United States stopped producing tritium in 1988 but resumed in 2003. In 1996 it was reported that the United States had only 75 kg of tritium stockpiled. If none of it was used by 2003, how much tritium remained?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introduction To Health Physics
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - If we start with 5 mg of 210Pb , what would be the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - For use in carcinogenesis studies, benzo(a)pyrene...
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4 - Calculate the number of beta particles emitted per...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - How much 234U is there in 1 metric ton of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - The mean concentration of potassium in crustal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.22PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - What is the (a) half-life? (b) mean life (in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.55P
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- Neutrons from a source (perhaps the one discussed in the preceding problem) bombard natural molybdenum, which is 24 percent 98Mo. What is the energy output of the reaction 98Mo+n99Mo+ ? The mass of 98MB is given in Appendix A: Atomic Masses, and that of 99Mo is 98.907711 u.arrow_forwardHow many kilograms of water are needed to obtain the 198.8 mol of deuterium, assuming that deuterium is 0.01500% (by number) of natural hydrogen?arrow_forwardData from the appendices and the periodic table may be needed for these problems. Show that the activity of the 14C in 1.00 g of 12C found in living tissue is 0.250 Bq.arrow_forward
- The mass defect for potassium-40 is: -___x10-28kg. (Give your answer with 3 sig digs and do not include units) Use mass of proton = 1.007276 u mass of neutron = 1.008665 u actual mass = 39.9687 uarrow_forwardMantles for gas lanterns contain thorium, because it forms an oxide that can survive being heated to incandescence for long periods of time. Natural thorium is almost 100% 232Th, with a half-life of 1.405 × 10¹0 y. If an average lantern mantle contains 230 mg of thorium, what is its activity (in Bq)? XBq +arrow_forwardA sealed box containing alloys of metal A and Metal B consisting of the same parts accordingly. Heavy metals A and B. These metals are radioactive with half-lives of 12 years and 18 years, respectively. When the box was opened it contained 0.53 kg A and 2.20 kg B. If radioactive metal A is known to be Radon-222, determine the radiactive activity in Curie.arrow_forward
- How many kilograms of water are needed to obtain the198.8 mol of deuterium, assuming that deuterium is0.01500% (by number) of natural hydrogen?arrow_forwardSeawater contains 3 mg of uranium per cubic meter. (a) Given that the average ocean depth is about 4 km and water covers two-thirds of Earth’s surface, estimate the amount of uranium dissolved in the ocean. (b) Estimate how long this uranium could supply the world’s energy needs at the current usage of 1.5 × 1013 J/s. (c) Where does the dissolved uranium come from? Is it a renewable energy source? Can uranium from the ocean satisfy our energy requirements? Discuss. Note: Breeder reactors increase the efficiency of nuclear fuel use by approximately two orders of magnitude.arrow_forwardMantles for gas lanterns contain thorium, because it forms an oxide that can survive being heated to incandescence for long periods of time. Natural thorium is almost 100% 232Th, with a half-life of 1.405 x 10¹0 y. If an average lantern mantle contains 270 mg of thorium, what is its activity (in Bq)? XBq tarrow_forward
- Seawater contains 3 mg of uranium per cubic meter. (a) Given that the average ocean depth is about 4 km and water covers two - thirds of Earth’s surface, estimate the amount of uranium dissolved in the ocean. (b) Estimate how long this uranium could supply the world’s energy needs at the current usage of 1.5 x 1013 J/s. (c) Where does the dissolved uranium come from? Is it a renewable energy source? Can uranium from the ocean satisfy our energy requirements? Discuss. Note: Breeder reactors increase the efficiency of nuclear fuel use by approximately two orders of magnitude.arrow_forwardPhysics written by hand. Mantles for gas lanterns contain thorium, because it forms an oxide that can survive being heated to incandescence for long periods of time. Natural thorium is almost 100% 232Th, with a half-life of 1.405 ✕ 1010 y. If an average lantern mantle contains 390 mg of thorium, what is its activity (in Bq)? Answer in Bq.arrow_forwardThe radioactive cobalt isotope, 60Co, has an half-life of 63 months and undergoes decay. The molar massof 60Co is 59.9338222 amu. A sample initially contains 48 mg of 60Co.(a) Calculate the number of moles of 60Co that are left in the sample after 5.0 years. (4)(b) Calculate the activity of 60Co after 5.0 years, in units of per month (month1).arrow_forward
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