Concept explainers
Production of more than one
- a. pleiotrofy.
- b. genetic determinism.
- c. codominance.
- d. penetrance.
- e. genetic recombination
Introduction:
A single gene is responsible for the production of multiple phenotypes and this is termed as a pleiotropic effect. The gene influences multiple traits of organisms, which may transfer from one generation to another. In humans, phenylketonuria (PKU) is associated with pleiotropy. Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to tyrosine; the mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase encoding genes leads to multiple traits associated with phenylketonuria. It causes mental disorders, pigment defects, and eczema.
Answer to Problem 1TYR
Correct answer:
A single gene influences multiple or more than a phenotypic trait and is known as pleiotropy. Therefore, option a is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
A single gene produces numerous phenotypic traits and is called as pleiotropy.
Option (a) is given as “pleiotropy”.
Multiple phenotypic characters produced by a gene is known as pleiotropy.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (b) is given as “genetic determinism”.
Controlling of race, sex, and mental health by genes is known as genetic determinism. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “codominance”.
Expression of both alleles of a gene in an organism is known as codominance. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “penetrance”.
Exhibition of expected phenotype from the percentage of the given genotype is known as penetrance. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (e) is given as “genetic recombination”.
Exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes or a different location of a single chromosome is known as genetic recombination. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.
A single gene produces numerous phenotypic traits and is called as pleiotropy.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Human Physiology
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
- A researcher crosses mice with brown eyes and long tails, and the F1 progeny were recovered in the following numbers and phenotypic classes: F1: 6 apricot, short : 30 brown, long : 15 brown, short : 9 apricot, long You know the genes encoding these traits are autosomal, completely dominant and assort independently. You want to use a chi-square test to analyse these results. a) Making use of the appropriate genetic convention for naming alleles, give the genotype of the male parent in this cross. b) What is your null hypothesis for the chi-square test? c) Give the expected number of individuals in the "brown, long" class. d) You obtain a value of 3.47 for the chi-square test. What conclusion can you make from the results of the chi-square test? P df 0.995 0.975 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.05* 0.025 0.01 0.005 1 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.455 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 2 0.010 0.051 0.211 1.386 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597 0.072 0.216 0.584 2.366 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838 4 0.207 0.484 1.064 3.357…arrow_forwardIndicate which of the four major classes of rearrangements (deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations) are most likely to be associated with each of thefollowing phenomena. In each case, explain the effect.a. semisterilityb. lethalityc. vulnerability to mutationd. altered genetic mape. haploinsufficiencyf. neomorphic mutationg. hypermorphic mutationh. crossover suppressioni. aneuploidyarrow_forwardThe distance between two linked genes is... O a) equal to the frequency of recombination between those genes. O b) equal to the frequency of parental allele arrangements in gametes. Oc) given in map units (mu) or centiMorgans (cM). d) Both A and C are true.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the concept of independent assortment? Group of answer choices a. 2n, where n = number of chromosomes b. Gametes receive one of each chromosome pair but which chromosome it receives is decided randomly c. Refers to the Mendelian genetics d. Independent assortment always occurs at prophase 2 in eukaryotic organisms. e. Is the process of specified segregation and assortment of chromosomes in an organism.arrow_forwardHow would one explain a testcross involving F1 dihybrid flies in which more parental-type offspring than recombinant-type offspring are produced? Group of answer choices A. The testcross was improperly performed B. The two genes are linked C. Both of the characters are controlled by more than one gene D. The two genes are linked but on different chromosomes E. Recombination did not occur in the cell during meiosisarrow_forwardCreate a chromosome map for each set of three genes from the given information. b) the crossover frequency between gene X and gene Z is 8.5 %, the crossover frequency between gene Y and gene Z is 2.25 % and between gene Y and gene X is 6.25 %arrow_forward
- Because of recombination: a. new alleles are created. b. haplotypes shorten with each generation. c. genetic diversity is decreased. d. female and male phenotypes differ. e. None of the above is correctarrow_forwardIndicate which of the four major classes of rearrangements (deletion, duplication, inversions, and translocations) are most likely to be associated with each of the following phenomena. In each case, explain the effect. a. Semisterility b. Lethality c. Vulnerability to mutation d. Haploinsufficiency e. Hypermorphic mutation (a gain of function mutation that causes an increase in otherwise normal gene function) f. Crossover suppression g. Aneuploidyarrow_forwardIn which of the following does one gene control the expression of another, independently inherited gene? a. Pleiotropy b. Epistasis c. Multifactorial inheritance d. codominance e. incomplete penetrancearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about genes is TRUE? a. Alleles of genes located on the same chromosome may assort independently. b. Alleles of genes on the same chromosome always fail to assort independently. c. Linked genes are located on the same chromosome. d. a and c, but not b e. b and c, but not aarrow_forwardYou breed two monster parents (green, hairless) GGhh and ggHH (white, hairy) to produce F1 offspring (green, hairy). Genes G and H are on the same chromosome. a. What are the dominant phenotypes? b. What are ALL of the potential gamete genotypes that could be created by an F1? Clearly indicate the recombinant genotypes. c. Explain how recombinants are created. d. What are the potential offspring genotypes from the cross of a F1 monster with a homozygous recessive monster. e. From this test cross you get 152 green, hairless; 23 green, hairy; 148 white, hairy, and 27 white, hairless. Calculate the chi squared to test the independent assortment hypothesis and determine if these genes assort independently.arrow_forwardGenes exist in pairs in individuals; during the production of gametes, the pairs are separated so that a gamete has only one of each kind. This is known as which of the following? Group of answer choices A-mitosis B-the principle of segregation C-nondisjunction D-recombination E-principle of independent assortmentarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education