University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 13CQ
Crystal lattices can be examined with X-rays but not UV. Why?
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Crystal lattices can be examined with x rays but not UV. Why?
All X-ray diffraction structures correspond to their solution structure? True or false. Why?
If an X-ray beam of wavelength 1.4*10-10 m makes an angle of 20 degrees with a set of planes in a crystal causing first order constructive inference, at what angle will the second order line appear?
A) 40 degrees
B) 20 degrees
C) 43 degrees
D) 4.0 degrees
E) 11 degrees
Chapter 4 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding Suppose the slit width in...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding For the experiment in...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding For the experiment in...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding If the line spacing of a...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding What is the angular...Ch. 4 - Check Your Understanding For the experiment...Ch. 4 - As the width of the slit producing a single-slit...Ch. 4 - Compare interference and diffraction.Ch. 4 - If you and a friend are on opposite sides of a...Ch. 4 - What happens to the diffraction pattern of a...
Ch. 4 - In our study of diffraction by a single slit, we...Ch. 4 - A rectangular slit is twice as wide as it is high....Ch. 4 - In Equation 4.4, the parameter looks like an...Ch. 4 - Shown below is the central part of the...Ch. 4 - Is higher resolution obtained in a microscope with...Ch. 4 - The resolving power of refracting telescope...Ch. 4 - The distance between atoms in a molecule is about...Ch. 4 - A beam of light always spreads out. Why can a beam...Ch. 4 - Crystal lattices can be examined with X-rays but...Ch. 4 - How can you tell that a hologram is a true...Ch. 4 - If a hologram is recorded using monochromatic...Ch. 4 - What image will one see if a hologram is recorded...Ch. 4 - (a) At what angle is the first minimum for 550-nm...Ch. 4 - (a) Calculate the angle at which a 2.00-m-wide...Ch. 4 - (a) How wide is a single slit that produces its...Ch. 4 - (a) What is the width of a single slit that...Ch. 4 - Find the wavelength of light that has its third...Ch. 4 - (a) Sodium vapor light averaging 589 nm in...Ch. 4 - Consider a single-slit diffraction pattern for...Ch. 4 - (a) Find the angle between the first minima for...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum width of a single slit (in...Ch. 4 - (a) If a single slit produces a first minimum at...Ch. 4 - If the separation between the first and the second...Ch. 4 - A water break at the entrance to a harbor consists...Ch. 4 - An aircraft maintenance technician walks past a...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 3.0 m is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 0.1 mm is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - The width of the central peak in a single-slit...Ch. 4 - Consider the single-slit diffraction pattern for...Ch. 4 - Two slits of width 2 m, each in an opaque...Ch. 4 - A double slit produces a diffraction pattern that...Ch. 4 - For a double-slit configuration where the slit...Ch. 4 - Light of wavelength 500 nm falls normally on 50...Ch. 4 - A monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm...Ch. 4 - When a monochromatic light of wavelength 430 nm...Ch. 4 - Determine the intensities of two interference...Ch. 4 - A diffraction grating has 2000 lines per...Ch. 4 - Find the angle for the third-order maximum for...Ch. 4 - How many lines per centimeter are there on a...Ch. 4 - What is the distance between lines on a...Ch. 4 - Calculate the wavelength of light that has its...Ch. 4 - An electric current through hydrogen gas produces...Ch. 4 - (a) What do the four angles in the preceding...Ch. 4 - What is the spacing between structures in a...Ch. 4 - An opal such as that shown in Figure 4.15 acts...Ch. 4 - At what angle does a diffraction grating produce a...Ch. 4 - (a) Find the maximum number of lines per...Ch. 4 - (a) Show that a 30,000 line per centimeter grating...Ch. 4 - The analysis shown below also applies to...Ch. 4 - The 305-m-diameter Arecibo radio telescope...Ch. 4 - Assuming the angular resolution found for the...Ch. 4 - Diffraction spreading for a flashlight is...Ch. 4 - (a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm...Ch. 4 - A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of...Ch. 4 - The limit to the eye’s acuity is actually related...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum diameter mirror on a telescope...Ch. 4 - Find the radius of a star’s image on the retina of...Ch. 4 - (a) The dwarf planet Pluto and its moon, Charon,...Ch. 4 - A spy satellite orbits Earth at a height of 180...Ch. 4 - What is the minimum angular separation of two...Ch. 4 - The headlights of a car are 1.3 m apart. What is...Ch. 4 - When dots are placed on a page from a laser...Ch. 4 - Suppose you are looking down at a highway from a...Ch. 4 - Can an astronaut orbiting Earth in a satellite at...Ch. 4 - The characters of a stadium scoreboard are formed...Ch. 4 - If a microscope can accept light from objects at...Ch. 4 - A camera uses a lens with aperture 2.0 cm. What is...Ch. 4 - X-rays of wavelength 0.103 nm reflects off a...Ch. 4 - A first-order Bragg reflection maximum is observed...Ch. 4 - An X-ray scattering experiment is performed on a...Ch. 4 - The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting...Ch. 4 - On a certain crystal, a first-order X-ray...Ch. 4 - Calcite crystals contain scattering planes...Ch. 4 - The first-order Bragg angle for a certain crystal...Ch. 4 - White light falls on two narrow slits separated by...Ch. 4 - Microwaves of wavelength 10.0 mm fall normally on...Ch. 4 - Quasars, or quasi-stellar radio sources, are...Ch. 4 - Two slits each of width 1800 nm and separated by...Ch. 4 - A microwave of an unknown wavelength is incident...Ch. 4 - Red light (wavelength 632.8 nm in air) from a...Ch. 4 - A light ray of wavelength 461.9 nm emerges from a...Ch. 4 - How far apart must two objects be on the moon to...Ch. 4 - How far apart must two objects be on the moon to...Ch. 4 - A spy satellite is reputed to be able to resolve...Ch. 4 - Monochromatic light of wavelength 530 nm passes...Ch. 4 - A monochromatic light of unknown wavelength is...Ch. 4 - A source of light having two wavelengths 550 nm...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 2100 nm is illuminated...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 3.0 m is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - A single slit of width 0.10 mm is illuminated by a...Ch. 4 - A diffraction grating produces a second maximum...Ch. 4 - A grating with 4000 lines per centimeter is used...Ch. 4 - A diffraction grating with 2000 lines per...Ch. 4 - For white light (400nm700nm) falling normally on a...Ch. 4 - How many complete orders of the visible spectrum...Ch. 4 - Two lamps producing light of wavelength 589 nm are...Ch. 4 - On a bright clear day, you are at the top of a...Ch. 4 - Radio telescopes are telescopes used for the...Ch. 4 - Calculate the wavelength of light that produces...Ch. 4 - (a) Find the angle of the third diffraction...Ch. 4 - As an example of diffraction by apertures of...Ch. 4 - What are the angular positions of the first and...Ch. 4 - How far would you place a screen from the slit of...Ch. 4 - How narrow is a slit that produces a diffraction...Ch. 4 - Suppose that the central peak of a single-slit...Ch. 4 - The central diffraction peak of the double-slit...Ch. 4 - Determine the intensities of three interference...Ch. 4 - The yellow light from a sodium vapor lamp seems to...Ch. 4 - Structures on a bird feather act like a reflection...Ch. 4 - If a diffraction grating produces a first-order...Ch. 4 - (a) What visible wavelength has its fourth-order...Ch. 4 - Consider a spectrometer based on a diffraction...Ch. 4 - An amateur astronomer wants to build a telescope...Ch. 4 - Blue light of wavelength 450 nm falls on a slit of...Ch. 4 - (a) Assume that the maxima are halfway between the...Ch. 4 - (a) By differentiating Equation 4.4, show that the...Ch. 4 - What is the maximum number of lines per centimeter...Ch. 4 - Show that a diffraction grating cannot produce a...Ch. 4 - A He-Ne laser beam is reflected from the surface...Ch. 4 - Objects viewed through a microscope are placed...
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- Crystal lattices can be examined with x rays but not UV. Why?arrow_forwardWhen x - rays of wavelength of 0.129 nm are incident on the surface of a crystal having a structure similar to that of NaCl, a first - order maximum is observed at 8.15°. Calculate the interplanar spacing of the crystal based on this information.arrow_forwardAn X-ray beam with A = 154 pm incident on the surface of a crystal produced a maximum reflection at an angle of e = 28.3°. Assuming n = 1, calculate the separation between layers of atoms in the crystal.arrow_forward
- X-rays of wavelength equal to 0.134 nm give a first order diffraction from the surface of a crystal when the value of 0(theta) is 10.5°. Calculate the distance between the planes in the crystal parallel to the surface examined. Should correct with full explanation. (Gpt/Ai wrong answer not allowed)arrow_forward. (2.a) What energy or wavelength must they have if X-rays are to be used in diffractionexperiments for the purpose of characterizing crystal structure? Explain.(2.b) Why is Drude theory important for the metals? Explain this question in terms ofthe assumptions of Drude theory.(2.c) What characteristics must be the crystal structure of a solid have in order for opticmodes to exist? You can use schematic drawing in your answers with your explanations.(2.d) Which of the following types of order is present in a crystalline solid? (a) shortrange order (b) long range order or (c) both short- and long-range order?arrow_forwardTungsten is a very high density, high melting point, and hard metal. These properties are partially due to its body centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. Tungsten has an atomic number of 74 and an average mass of 183.8u. (1u = 1.661x10-27 kg). X-ray diffraction experiments determine that the Bravais lattice has a characteristic length of 3.155 Å (This means each side of the cube shown below has a length of 0.3155 nm.) How many complete tungsten atoms are there in each BCC unit cell?arrow_forward
- Tungsten is a very high density, high melting point, and hard metal. These properties are partially due to its body centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. Tungsten has an atomic number of 74 and an average mass of 183.8u. (1u = 1.661x10-27 kg). X-ray diffraction experiments determine that the Bravais lattice has a characteristic length of 3.155 Å (This means each side of the cube shown below has a length of 0.3155 nm.)What is the density of single-crystalline tungsten? (Give your answer in g/cm.) Note: Single-crystalline indicates that the BCC unit cell repeats indefinitely. In poly-crystalline metals there are multiple domains with boundaries where the crystal structures do not line up. These materials tend to be much more brittle.arrow_forwardThe atoms in a crystal lie in planes separated by a few tenths of a nanometer. Can a crystal be used to produce a diffraction pattern with visible light as it does for x-rays? Explain your answer with reference to Bragg’s law.arrow_forward1)Tungsten (W) crystallizes in cubic structure. Side length of the unit cell of this crystal structure a=3.1648 Å. When the X-ray diffraction experiment is perfomed, scattering occurs from the following planes: (110), (200), (211), (220), (310), (222), (321), (400), (411), (420), (332), (431) a) Which of the x-rays scattered from the (110) and (200) planes has the greatest intensity? Hint: The intensity of the x-ray emitted from any atonm decreases as the scattering angle increases. Also note that 2/2d = sine. b) Calculate the structure factor Fh1 for this crystal structure for the (110) and (200) planes. Here the scattering factor is fw(110)=58 and fw(200)=51. In this crystal structure, two W atoms are in (0,0,0) and (0.5,0.5,0.5) positions, respectivelyarrow_forward
- X-rays of wavelength 0.130 nm are reflected from a certain crystal, and the first-order maximum occurs at an angle of 14.2°. What value does this give for the interplanar spacing of the crystal? ____nmarrow_forwardQuestion: The interplanar distance in a crystal is 2.8 × 10-8 m. The value of maximum wavelength which can be diffractedarrow_forwardX-ray diffraction analysis (using a Cu anode) of a specimen with a known cubic crystal structure reveals that the peak generated as a result of reflection from the (110) plane occurs at a 20=32°. Determine the unit cell volume of this materialarrow_forward
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