Campbell Biology In Focus
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134203072
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 12TYU
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
How the small intestinal epithelial cell structures that are viewed in SEM contribute to their specialized functions of nutrient absorption, and to explain how they act as a barrier between intestinal contents and the blood supply on the other side of the cell sheet.
Introduction:
Several layers such as the serous coat, the muscular coat, the outer longitudinal and inner circular linings, and the sub mucous coat are present in the small intestine.
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åre some shapes cells can have that will have a larger surface area than a sphere? To help
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6) Within the cell there are several structures that create surface area by having layers of folded
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O Within the cell there are several structures that create surface area by having layers of folded
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7) Glucose is a chemical that is fulfills a wide range of functions within organisms. The story of
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water and energy from light are the inputs required for photosynthesis. How many carbon dioxide
molecules are required to produce one…
Tight junctions are protein junctions that provide a water-tight seal between cells. They ensure that materials must enter the cells (through diffusion or active transport) to pass through the tissue. Tight junctions are characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract, where materials are required to pass through cells (not between them) before they can travel into the blood.
Can someone explain more clearly why lining the digestive tract?
The liver is known for its ability to remove certain toxins from the blood. It can it is made up of hepatocytes that contain large quantities of lysosomes and peroxisomes, as well as having an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Describe how these three organelles contribute to this major function of the liver (briefly).
Chapter 4 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.2 - Briefly describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.3 - What role do ribosomes play in carrying out...Ch. 4.3 - Describe the molecular composition of nucleoli,...Ch. 4.3 - WHAT IF? As a cell begins the process of dividing,...Ch. 4.4 - Describe the structural and functional...Ch. 4.4 - Describe how transport vesicles integrate the...Ch. 4.4 - WHAT IF? Imagine a protein that functions in the...
Ch. 4.5 - Describe two characteristics shared by...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.6 - WHAT IF? Males afflicted with Kartageners syndrome...Ch. 4.7 - In what way are the cells of plants and animals...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.7 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The polypeptide chain that makes...Ch. 4 - Which structure is not part of the endomembrane...Ch. 4 - Which structure is common to plant and animal...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 4 - Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in...Ch. 4 - What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly...Ch. 4 - Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?...Ch. 4 - DRAW IT From memory, draw two eukaryotic cells....Ch. 4 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In studying micrographs of an...Ch. 4 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Compare different aspects of...Ch. 4 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Considering some of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12TYU
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- Cell membrane modifications found on epithelial cells in the small intestine and kidney tubules that prevent movement of material from the intestinal tract into the peritoneal cavity are called ______arrow_forwardNeed helparrow_forwardall the following statements which relate to apical surface modifications(brush border) of epithelial cells are true except. * these are anchored in a dense mat of microfilaments in the apical cytoplasm called the terminal, lateral web. The apical surface of cells in intestine is usually covered with microvilli. the microfilaments can contract, By interacting with cytoplasmic myosin, then caused the shortening of the microvilli. cores of microvilli are composed of parallel actin microfilaments.arrow_forward
- Explain why the statement is correct. Which is true of the ribosomes of endoderm cells of the Cnidaria (jellyfish)? They: are attached to the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and carry out the synthesis of the primary structure of proteinsarrow_forwardSecretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release their contents to the outside of the cell. In this process, the membrane of the secretory vesicle becomes part of the cell membrane because small pieces of the membrane are continually added to the cell membrane, one would expect the cell membrane to become larger and larger as secretion continues. The cell membrane stays the same size, however. Explain how this happens.arrow_forwardWhen William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?arrow_forward
- A phospholipid that is destined to become part of the plasma membrane is synthesized inside a cell. Describe the process of making this molecule and its path to becoming part of the plasma membrane, giving specific details about where in the cell it would be for each step and each of the organelles/cell structures involved.arrow_forwardIntermediate filaments (IFs) function to provide mechanical strength to the cell and for internal organization of the cells. The intermediate filament _______________ plays a key role in connecting epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix. The IF binding protein________ plays key role in connecting the IFs in the nucleus with the cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm to help position the nucleus. keratin, SUN-domain protein SUN-domain proteins, lamin lamin, keratin SUN-domain proteins, keratin lamin, SUN-domain protein keratin, laminarrow_forwardProteins that are trafficked through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells are never exposed directly to the cytoplasm. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this is true? A. Cells that specialize in protein secretion lack cytoplasm, because protein synthesis machinery takes up the volume of the cell instead. B. For a protein that will be secreted, during the whole time that it spends inside of the cell, it is enclosed within other membrane-bound compartments. C. While a protein is in the secretory pathway, it is surrounded by a dense cloud of ions that protect it from the cytoplasm. D. A protein that will be secreted is not synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm; instead, it is synthesized by proteins at the plasma membrane and fed directly into the extracellular space.arrow_forward
- Fibroblasts are motile cells that “creep” about in the connective tissue of the body where they play a number of roles, including secretion of the extracellular matrix and initiating certain wound healing events. These cells do not usually have microvilli nor do they express the actin-binding protein villin; both of these properties are characteristic of certain epithelial cells, such as those lining the intestine and kidneys. Remarkably enough, however, if one artificially engineers fibroblast cells to produce the villin protein, microvilli form on the fibroblasts. Given what you know about the function of villin, why might this striking change in cell morphology occur?arrow_forwardWhy would desmosomes not be suitable as the sole type of cell junction between epithelial cells of the stomach?arrow_forwardWhich statement does NOT describe the actions of the Golgi apparatus? 1. The sacs comprising the Golgi are not interconnected. 2. The Golgi apparatus receives and modifies substances manufactured by the Endoplasmic reticulum. 3. The vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and enter the Golgi apparatus contain proteins, fats, or carbohydrates) 4. Products packaged from the Golgi apparatus are released into new transport vesicles that may be exported from the cell.arrow_forward
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