(a)
Interpretation:
Volume of tank car has to be estimated. The mass of propane in the tank car has to be calculated. Also the energy transferred at burning of propane has to be identified.
(a)
Answer to Problem 122QRT
Volume of tank car is
The mass of propane in the 5 tank cars are
The energy transferred at burning of propane is
Explanation of Solution
The dimensions of tank car are 20 feet
The liquid propane density at its boiling point is found to be
The balanced chemical equation for combustion of propane is
Now, the reaction enthalpy for above reaction is shown as below,
Finally the energy evolved by the mass of propane present in 5 tank cars is calculated as follows,
(b)
Interpretation:
The metric kilotons of
(b)
Answer to Problem 122QRT
The amount of
Explanation of Solution
First, the molar mass of
Now the energy evolved by the propane mass in 5 tank cars is converted into moles which then using metric mass relationships the metric kilotons of
(c)
Interpretation:
The energy transferred from Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear fission bombs has to be determined. Also up to date the largest nuclear weapon detonated has to be identified and whether evacuating the town serves as good idea or not has to be indicated.
(c)
Answer to Problem 122QRT
The energy of Hiroshima bomb transferred is
The energy of Nagasaki bomb transferred is
The conclusion obtained from this is to evacuate the town serves as the good idea.
Explanation of Solution
The bomb dropped at Hiroshima is
So far the biggest hydrogen bomb ever tested was the Tsar Bomb. It was tested over the Mityushikha Bay nuclear testing range north of Arctic Circle over the Nocaya Zemlya archipelago in Arctic Sea. About
Using percentages the energy released from propane in tank cars are compared with the above bomb as follows,
Therefore, evacuating the town was the good idea.
(d)
Interpretation:
The energy released by propane combustion has to be compared with the hurricane energy.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
The energy released from the hurricane is found to be around
The energy evolved by the mass of propane present in 5 tank cars is calculated as
Therefore,
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- A rebreathing gas mask contains potassium superoxide, KO2, which reacts with moisture in the breath to give oxygen. 4KO2(s)+2H2O(l)4KOH(s)+3O2(g) Estimate the grams of potassium superoxide required to supply a persons oxygen needs for one hour. Assume a person requires 1.00 102 kcal of energy for this time period. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 1.00 102 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of oxygen consumed and hence the amount of KO2 required. The ff0 for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forward62 Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2, was considered as a possible replacement for aluminium chloride as the oxidizer in the solid fuel booster rockets used to launch the space shuttle. When detonated by a spark, AND rapidly decomposes to produce a gaseous mixture of N2,O2, and H2O. (This is not a combustion reaction. The ADN is the only reactant.) The reaction releases a lot of heat, so the gases are initially formed at high temperature and pressure. The thrust of the rocket results mainly from the expansion of this gas mixture. Suppose a 2.3-kg sample of ADN is denoted and decomposes completely to give N2,O2, and H2O. If the resulting gas mixture expands until it reaches a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of 1.00 atm, what volume will it occupy? Is your answer consistent with the proposed use of ADN as a rocket fuel?arrow_forwardHow does hydraulic fracturing differ from previously used techniques for the recovery of natural gas from the earth?arrow_forward
- Chlor-alkali plants electrolyze NaCl to produce the commodity chemicals caustic soda and chlorine gas. Industrial waste effluent released into waterways from these plants can contain trace amounts of mercury. Legally, the effluent can contain up to 2.50 x 10-9 mol/L of mercury. Determine the minimum volume of water, in megalitres (ML), that must be added to a 1.14 g sample of mercury to dilute the effluent to acceptable levels. Record only your numerical answer with the correct number of significant digits. You do not need to include units as the units appear for you beside the answer box already.arrow_forwardChlor-alkali plants electrolyze NaCl to produce the commodity chemicals caustic soda and chlorine gas. Industrial waste effluent released into waterways from these plants can contain trace amounts of mercury. Legally, the effluent can contain up to 2.50 x 10-9 mol/L of mercury. Determine the minimum volume of water, in megalitres (ML), that must be added to a 1.13 g sample of mercury to dilute the effluent to acceptable levels.(Do not show your work in the space provided; record only your final answer with the correct number of significant digits and the proper units.)arrow_forwardP1A.10 Ozone is a trace atmospheric gas which plays an important role in screening the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, and the abundance of ozone is commonly reported in Dobson units. Imagine a column passing up through the atmosphere. The total amount of O3 in the column divided by its cross-sectional area is reported in Dobson units with 1 Du =0.4462 mmol m−2. What amount of O3 (in moles) is found in a column of atmosphere with a cross-sectional area of 1.00 dm2 if the abundance is 250 Dobson units (a typical midlatitude value)? In the seasonal Antarctic ozone hole, the column abundance drops below 100 Dobson units; how many moles of O3 are found in such a column of air above a 1.00 dm2 area? Most atmospheric ozone is found between 10 and 50 km above the surface of the Earth. If that ozone is spread uniformly through this portion of the atmosphere, what is the average molar concentration corresponding to (a) 250 Dobson units, (b) 100 Dobson units?arrow_forward
- The atmosphere slowly oxidizes hydrocarbons in a number of steps that eventually convert the hydrocarbon into carbon dioxide and water. The overall reaction of a number of such steps for methane gas is:CH4(g) + 5 O2(g) + 5 NO(g) ------> CO2(g) + H2O(g) + 5 NO2(g) + 2 OH(g) Suppose that an atmospheric chemist combines 155 mL of methane at STP, 885 mL of oxygen at STP, and 55.5 mL of NO at STP in a 2.0-L flask. The flask stands for several weeks at 275 K. If the reaction reaches 90.0% of completion (90.0% of the limiting reactant is consumed), what is the partial pressure of each of the reactants and products in the flask at 275 K? What is the total pressure in the flask?arrow_forwardThe universal gas constant, R, is defined as the following: kg · m² s2 · K• mol R = 8.314 What would be its value in the following unit? lb· cm? day2 · K• molarrow_forwardZn reacts with hydrochloric acid to give zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. A sample of 5 g of a Zn mineral requires 10 mL of commercial HCl of 37% purity, by weight and density 1.19 g/mL, to react completely. Find: a) The mass of zinc contained in the sample. b) The purity of the zinc mineral. c) The pressure exerted by the hydrogen gas collected in a 2 L container and at a temperature of 20ºC.please use conversion factors and mark the solutionsThe solutions should be : 3,92 g; 78,4%; 0,72 atm.I just dont know how to do itarrow_forward
- Zn reacts with hydrochloric acid to give zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. A sample of 5 g of a Zn mineral requires 10 mL of commercial HCl of 37% purity, by weight and density 1.19 g/mL, to react completely. Find: a) The mass of zinc contained in the sample. b) The purity of the zinc mineral. c) The pressure exerted by the hydrogen gas collected in a 2 L container and at a temperature of 20ºC.please use conversion factors and mark the solutionsarrow_forwardThe temperature of your water was 22.4 degrees Celsius. The volume of hydrogen collected was 30.2 mL. The atmospheric pressure in the lab room was 29.95 inches Hg. The difference in the water level between the beaker and the burette is 17.3 cm. What was the mass of the magnesium ribbon used? 2 HCl(aq) + Mg(aq) = H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)arrow_forward2. An experiment to determine the carbon-sequestration capacity of a poui tree determined that in 1 year, the mature tree could remove 11,455 L (measured at room temperature and pressure) of carbon dioxide from the air, using the process in Q.1(d) to produce glucose. What mass of glucose would the poui tree have produced doing this?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning